Data Transmission Service：Migrate data from a PolarDB for MySQL cluster to a Kafka cluster

Prerequisites

• The destination self-managed Kafka cluster or Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance is created.
  Note If a Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance is used as the destination instance, make sure that the instance is configured as a self-managed Kafka cluster and a topic is created to receive the data to be migrated. For information about how to create a topic, see Step 1: Create a topic.
• The available storage space of the destination instance is larger than the total size of the data in the source PolarDB for MySQL cluster.

Limits

Billing

Migration types

• Schema migration

  Data Transmission Service (DTS) migrates the schemas of objects from the source database to the destination database.

• Full data migration

  DTS migrates the existing data of objects from the source database to the destination database.

• Incremental data migration

  After full data migration is complete, DTS migrates incremental data from the source database to the destination database. Incremental data migration allows data to be migrated smoothly without interrupting services of self-managed applications during data migration.

SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated

Permissions required for database accounts

Procedure

1. Go to the Data Migration Tasks page.
   1. Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
   2. In the top navigation bar, click DTS.
   3. In the left-side navigation pane, choose DTS (DTS) > Data Migration.
   Note

   • Operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Configure the DMS console based on your business requirements.
   • You can also go to the Data Migration Tasks page of the new DTS console.
2. From the drop-down list next to Data Migration Tasks, select the region in which the data migration instance resides.
   Note If you use the new DTS console, you must select the region in which the data migration instance resides in the upper-left corner.
3. Click Create Task. On the page that appears, configure the source and destination databases.

   Section	Parameter	Description
   N/A	Task Name	The name of the task. DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify an informative name to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
   Source Database	Select Instance	Select whether to use an existing instance. If you select an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the instance. You do not need to configure the corresponding parameters again. If you do not use an existing instance, you must configure parameters for the source database.
   	Database Type	The type of the source database. Select PolarDB for MySQL.
   	Access Method	The access method of the source database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
   	Instance Region	The region in which the source PolarDB for MySQL instance resides.
   	Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts	Specifies whether data is migrated across Alibaba Cloud accounts. In this example, No is selected.
   	PolarDB Cluster ID	The ID of the source PolarDB for MySQL cluster.
   	Database Account	The database account of the source PolarDB for MySQL cluster. For information about the permissions that are required for the account, see the Permissions required for database accounts section of this topic.
   	Database Password	The password of the database account.
   Destination Database	Select Instance	Select whether to use an existing instance. If you select an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the instance. You do not need to configure the corresponding parameters again. If you do not use an existing instance, you must configure parameters for the source database.
   	Database Type	The type of the destination database. Select Kafka.
   	Access Method	The access method of the destination database. In this example, Self-managed Database on ECS is selected. Note If your destination database is a self-managed database, you must deploy the network environment for the database. For more information, see Preparation overview. DTS does not allow you to directly configure the access method of a Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance. If you use a Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance as the destination instance, select Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway and configure the instance as a self-managed Kafka cluster.
   	Instance Region	The region in which the destination Kafka cluster resides.
   	ECS Instance ID	The ID of the Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance on which the destination Kafka cluster is deployed.
   	Port Number	The service port number of the destination Kafka cluster. Default value: 9092.
   	Database Account	The username that is used to log on to the destination Kafka cluster. If no authentication is enabled for the Kafka cluster, you do not need to enter the username.
   	Database Password	The password of the username. If no authentication is enabled for the Kafka cluster, you do not need to enter the password.
   	Kafka Version	The version of the destination Kafka cluster. Note If the version of the self-managed Kafka cluster is 1.0 or later, you can select Later Than 1.0.
   	Encryption	Specify whether to encrypt the connection. Select Non-encrypted or SCRAM-SHA-256 based on your business and security requirements.
   	Topic	Select a topic from the drop-down list.
   	Topic That Stores DDL Information	Select a topic from the drop-down list. The topic is used to store the DDL information. If you do not set this parameter, the DDL information is stored in the topic that is specified by the Topic parameter.
   	Use Kafka Schema Registry	Specifies whether to use Kafka Schema Registry, which provides a serving layer for your metadata. It provides a RESTful API for storing and retrieving your Avro schemas. Valid values: No: does not use Kafka Schema Registry. Yes: uses Kafka Schema Registry. In this case, you must enter the URL or IP address that is registered in Kafka Schema Registry for your Avro schemas.

4. In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed.
   If the source or destination database is an Alibaba Cloud database instance, such as an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL or ApsaraDB for MongoDB instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database hosted on an Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of the ECS instance, and you must make sure that the ECS instance can access the database. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database that is deployed in a data center or provided by a third-party cloud service provider, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the database to allow DTS to access the database. For more information about the CIDR blocks of DTS servers, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security settings of on-premises databases.

   Warning If the CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the whitelist of a database or an instance, or to the security group rules of an ECS instance, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to migrate data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhance the security of your username and password, limit the ports that are exposed, authenticate API calls, regularly check the whitelist or ECS security group rules and forbid unauthorized CIDR blocks, or connect the database to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
5. Configure objects to migrate and advanced settings.

   Parameter	Description
   Migration Type	To perform only full data migration, select Schema Migration and Full Data Migration. To ensure service continuity during data migration, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration. Note If Incremental Data Migration is not selected, we recommend that you do not write data to the source instance during data migration. This ensures data consistency between the source and destination instances.
   Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables	Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination instance contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source database and destination instance do not contain tables that have identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data synchronization task cannot be started. Note You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are synchronized to the destination instance. If the source database and destination instance contain identical table names and the tables in the destination instance cannot be deleted or renamed, you can use this feature. For more information, see Map object names. Clear Destination Table: clears data from destination tables. Proceed with caution. Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source database and destination instance. Warning If you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to potential risks. If the source and destination databases have the same schemas, and a data record has the same primary key value as an existing data record in the destination database: During full data synchronization, DTS does not synchronize the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained. During incremental data synchronization, DTS synchronizes the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten. If the source and destination databases have different schemas, data may fail to be initialized. In this case, only some columns are migrated, or the data migration task fails.
   Data Format in Kafka	The format in which data records are stored in the Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance. If you select DTS Avro, data is parsed based on the schema definition of DTS Avro. For more information, see GitHub. If you select Canal Json, data is stored in the Canal JSON format. For more information about the related parameters and examples, see the "Canal JSON" section of the Data formats of a Kafka cluster topic.
   Policy for Shipping Data to Kafka Partitions	Select a policy for data migration to Kafka partitions based on your business requirements. For more information, see Specify the policy for migrating data to Kafka partitions.
   Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance	The capitalization of database names, table names, and column names in the destination instance. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can select other options to make sure that the capitalization of object names is consistent with the default capitalization of object names in the source or destination database. For more information, see Specify the capitalization of object names in the destination instance.
   Source Objects	Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section. Click the icon and add the objects to the Selected Objects section. Note You can select only databases as the objects to be migrated.
   Selected Objects	To rename an object that you want to migrate to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map the name of a single object. To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map multiple object names at a time. Note If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be migrated. To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information, see Use SQL conditions to filter data. To select the SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to migrate. For more information about the SQL operations that can be migrated, see SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated.

6. Click Next: Advanced Settings.

   Parameter	Description
   Set Alerts	Specifies whether to set alerts for the data migration task. If the task fails or the migration latency exceeds the threshold, the alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values: No: does not set alerts. Yes: sets alerts. If you select Yes, you must also set the alert threshold and alert contacts. For more information, see Configure monitoring and alerting when you create a DTS task.
   Retry Time for Failed Connections	The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data migration task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails. Note If you set different retry time ranges for multiple data migration tasks that have the same source or destination database, the shortest retry time range that is set takes precedence. When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
   Configure ETL	Specifies whether to configure the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL?. Valid values: Yes: configures the ETL feature. You can enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task. No: does not configure the ETL feature.
   Whether to delete SQL operations on heartbeat tables of forward and reverse tasks	Specifies whether to write SQL operations on heartbeat tables to the source database while the DTS instance is running. Yes: does not write SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, a latency of the DTS instance may be displayed. No: writes SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, specific features such as physical backup and cloning of the source database may be affected.

7. In the lower part of the page, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck.
   Note

   • Before you can start the data migration task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data migration task only after the task passes the precheck.
   • If the task fails to pass the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you troubleshoot the issues based on the causes, run a precheck again.
   • If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:
     • If an alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issues. Then, run a precheck again.
     • If an alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
8. Wait until the Success Rate value becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
9. On the Purchase Instance page, specify the Instance Class parameter for the data migration instance. The following table describes the parameter.

   Section	Parameter	Description
   Parameters	Instance Class	DTS provides several instance classes that vary in the migration speed. You can select an instance class based on your business scenario. For more information, see Specifications of data migration instances.

10. Read and select the check box to agree to Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
11. Click Buy and Start to start the data migration task. You can view the progress of the task in the task list.