Elastic Compute Service:Run a Cloud Assistant command to stop or restart instances

Prepare the information required to run a Cloud Assistant command.

1. Obtain an AccessKey pair.

   We recommend that you obtain the AccessKey pair of a Resource Access Management (RAM) user. For more information, see Create an AccessKey pair.

2. Obtain the region ID of the instances on which you want to run the Cloud Assistant command.

   You can call the DescribeRegions operation to query the most recent region list. For information about the parameters in the DescribeRegions operation, see DescribeRegions.

3. Obtain the IDs of the instances on which you want to run the Cloud Assistant command.

   You can call the DescribeInstances operation to query the instances that meet specific conditions. For example, you can query the instances that are in the Running state or have specific tags added. For information about the parameters in the DescribeInstances operation, see DescribeInstances.

Configure the on-premises environment and run the sample code.

1. Install Alibaba Cloud ECS SDK for Python.

   sudo pip install aliyun-python-sdk-ecs

2. Update ECS SDK for Python to the latest version.

   sudo pip install --upgrade aliyun-python-sdk-ecs

3. Create a .py file and write the following sample code to the file.

   Replace the following parameters in the sample code with the actual values obtained in the preceding step:

   • AccessKey ID:

     access_key = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID']

   • AccessKey secret:

     access_key_secret = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']

   • Region ID:

     region_id = '<yourRegionId>'

   • Instance IDs:

     ins_ids= ["i-bp185fcs****","i-bp14wwh****","i-bp13jbr****"]

   Sample code:

   # coding=utf-8
   # If ECS SDK for Python is not installed, run the sudo pip install aliyun-python-sdk-ecs command.
   # Make sure that you use the latest version of ECS SDK for Python.
   # Run the sudo pip install --upgrade aliyun-python-sdk-ecs command to upgrade the version of ECS SDK for Python.
   
   import json
   import sys
   import base64
   import time
   import logging
   import os
   from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient
   from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ClientException
   from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ServerException
   from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.RunCommandRequest import RunCommandRequest
   from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DescribeInvocationResultsRequest import DescribeInvocationResultsRequest
   from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.RebootInstancesRequest import RebootInstancesRequest
   from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DescribeInstancesRequest import DescribeInstancesRequest
   
   # Configure the log output formatter.
   logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                       format="%(asctime)s %(name)s [%(levelname)s]: %(message)s",
                       datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M')
   
   logger = logging.getLogger()
   
   # Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID and ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured in the code runtime environment. 
   # If the project code is leaked, the AccessKey pair may be leaked and the security of all resources in your account may be compromised. The following sample code is only for reference. We recommend that you use Security Token Service (STS) tokens, which provide higher security. 
   access_key = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID']  
   access_key_secret = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']  
   region_id = '<yourRegionId>'  # Specify the region ID that you obtained.
   
   client = AcsClient(access_key, access_key_secret, region_id)
   
   def base64_decode(content, code='utf-8'):
       if sys.version_info.major == 2:
           return base64.b64decode(content)
       else:
           return base64.b64decode(content).decode(code)
   
   def get_invoke_result(invoke_id):
       request = DescribeInvocationResultsRequest()
       request.set_accept_format('json')
   
       request.set_InvokeId(invoke_id)
       response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
       response_details = json.loads(response)["Invocation"]["InvocationResults"]["InvocationResult"]
       dict_res = { detail.get("InstanceId",""):{"status": detail.get("InvocationStatus",""),"output":base64_decode(detail.get("Output",""))}  for detail in response_details }
       return dict_res
   
   def get_instances_status(instance_ids):
       request = DescribeInstancesRequest()
       request.set_accept_format('json')
       request.set_InstanceIds(instance_ids)
       response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
       response_details = json.loads(response)["Instances"]["Instance"]
       dict_res = { detail.get("InstanceId",""):{"status":detail.get("Status","")} for detail in response_details }
       return dict_res
   
   def run_command(cmdtype,cmdcontent,instance_ids,timeout=60):
       """
       cmdtype: the type of the command. Valid values: RunBatScript, RunPowerShellScript, and RunShellScript.
       cmdcontent: the content of the command.
       instance_ids: the IDs of the instances on which you want to run the command.
       """
       try:
           request = RunCommandRequest()
           request.set_accept_format('json')
   
           request.set_Type(cmdtype)
           request.set_CommandContent(cmdcontent)
           request.set_InstanceIds(instance_ids)
           # The timeout period for running the command. Unit: seconds. Default value: 60. Specify this parameter based on the command that you want to run.
           request.set_Timeout(timeout)
           response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
           invoke_id = json.loads(response).get("InvokeId")
           return invoke_id
       except Exception as e:
           logger.error("run command failed")
   
   def reboot_instances(instance_ids,Force=False):
       """
       instance_ids: the IDs of the instances that you want to restart.
       Force: specifies whether to forcefully restart the instances. Default value: False.
       """
       request = RebootInstancesRequest()
       request.set_accept_format('json')
       request.set_InstanceIds(instance_ids)
       request.set_ForceReboot(Force)
       response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
   
   def wait_invoke_finished_get_out(invoke_id,wait_count,wait_interval):
       for i in range(wait_count):
           result = get_invoke_result(invoke_id)
           if set([res["status"] for _,res in result.items()]) & set(["Running","Pending","Stopping"]):
               time.sleep(wait_interval)
           else:
               return result
       return result
   
   def wait_instance_reboot_ready(ins_ids,wait_count,wait_interval):
       for i in range(wait_count):
           result = get_instances_status(ins_ids)
           if set([res["status"] for _,res in result.items()]) != set(["Running"]):
               time.sleep(wait_interval)
           else:
               return result
       return result
   
   def run_task():
       # Specify the type of the Cloud Assistant command.
       cmdtype = "RunShellScript"
       # Specify the content of the Cloud Assistant command.
       cmdcontent = """
       #!/bin/bash
       echo helloworld
       """
       # Specify the timeout period for running the command.
       timeout = 60
       # Specify the IDs of the instances on which you want to run the command.
       ins_ids= ["i-bp185fcs****","i-bp14wwh****","i-bp13jbr****"]
   
       # Run the command.
       invoke_id = run_command(cmdtype,cmdcontent,ins_ids,timeout)
       logger.info("run command,invoke-id:%s" % invoke_id)
   
       # Wait for the command to be run. Query the execution status of the command 10 times at an interval of 5 seconds. You can specify the number of times the command execution status is queried and the query interval based on your business requirements.
       invoke_result = wait_invoke_finished_get_out(invoke_id,10,5)
       for ins_id,res in invoke_result.items():
           logger.info("instance %s command execute finished,status: %s,output:%s" %(ins_id,res["status"],res["output"]))
   
       # Restart the instances.
       logger.warn("reboot instance Now")
       reboot_instances(ins_ids)
   
       time.sleep(5)
       # Wait for the instances to enter the Running state. Query the status of the instance 30 times at an interval of 10 seconds.
       reboot_result = wait_instance_reboot_ready(ins_ids,30,10)
       logger.warn("reboot instance Finished")
       for ins_id,res in reboot_result.items():
           logger.info("instance %s status: %s" %(ins_id,res["status"]))
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       run_task()

4. Run the .py file.

   The following figure shows a sample result after the .py file is run. In this example, a command is run on three instances and helloworld is returned, and then the three instances are restarted.

Go to the Create Template page.

1. Log on to the OOS console.

2. In the left-side navigation pane, choose Automated Task > Custom Template.

3. Click Create Template.

Configure the parameters.

1. On the Create Template page, keep the default template choice and click Next Step.

2. Click the YAML tab and enter the following code.

   Sample code:

   FormatVersion: OOS-2019-06-01
   Description:
     en: Runs a Cloud Assistant command to batch restart multiple ECS instances.
      
     name-en: ACS-ECS-BulkyRunCommandRboot
      
     categories:
       - run_command
   Parameters:
     regionId:
       Type: String
       Description:
         en: The region ID
          
       Label:
         en: Region
          
       AssociationProperty: RegionId
       Default: '{{ ACS::RegionId }}'
     targets:
       Type: JSON
       Label:
         en: TargetInstance
          
       AssociationProperty: Targets
       AssociationPropertyMetadata:
         ResourceType: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
         RegionId: regionId
     commandType:
       Description:
         en: The type of the Cloud Assistant command
          
       Label:
         en: CommandType
          
       Type: String
       AllowedValues:
         - RunBatScript
         - RunPowerShellScript
         - RunShellScript
       Default: RunShellScript
     commandContent:
       Description:
         en: The content of the command that you want to run on the ECS instances
          
       Label:
         en: CommandContent
          
       Type: String
       MaxLength: 16384
       AssociationProperty: Code
       Default: echo hello
     workingDir:
       Description:
         en: 'The directory where the created Cloud Assistant command runs on the ECS instances. For Linux instances, the default directory is under the home directory of the administrator (root user), which is /root. For Windows instances, the default directory is under the directory where the process of Cloud Assistant Agent is located, such as C:\Windows\System32.'
            
       Label:
         en: WorkingDir
          
       Type: String
       Default: ''
     timeout:
       Description:
         en: The timeout period for running the command on the ECS instances
          
       Label:
         en: Timeout
          
       Type: Number
       Default: 600
     enableParameter:
       Description:
         en: Whether to include secret parameters or custom parameters in the command.
          
       Label:
         en: EnableParameter
          
       Type: Boolean
       Default: false
     username:
       Description:
         en: The username that is used to run the command on the ECS instances
          
       Label:
         en: Username
          
       Type: String
       Default: ''
     windowsPasswordName:
       Description:
         en: The name of the password used to run the command on a Windows instance
          
       Label:
         en: WindowsPasswordName
          
       Type: String
       Default: ''
       AssociationProperty: SecretParameterName
     rateControl:
       Description:
         en: The concurrency ratio of task execution
          
       Label:
         en: RateControl
          
       Type: JSON
       AssociationProperty: RateControl
       Default:
         Mode: Concurrency
         MaxErrors: 0
         Concurrency: 10
     OOSAssumeRole:
       Description:
         en: The RAM role to be assumed by OOS
          
       Label:
         en: OOSAssumeRole
          
       Type: String
       Default: OOSServiceRole
   RamRole: '{{ OOSAssumeRole }}'
   Tasks:
     - Name: getInstance
       Description:
         en: Obtains the ECS instances.
          
       Action: ACS::SelectTargets
       Properties:
         ResourceType: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
         RegionId: '{{ regionId }}'
         Filters:
           - '{{ targets }}'
       Outputs:
         instanceIds:
           Type: List
           ValueSelector: Instances.Instance[].InstanceId
     - Name: runCommand
       Action: ACS::ECS::RunCommand
       Description:
         en: Runs the Cloud Assistant command.
          
       Properties:
         regionId: '{{ regionId }}'
         commandContent: '{{ commandContent }}'
         instanceId: '{{ ACS::TaskLoopItem }}'
         commandType: '{{ commandType }}'
         workingDir: '{{ workingDir }}'
         timeout: '{{ timeout }}'
         enableParameter: '{{ enableParameter }}'
         username: '{{ username }}'
         windowsPasswordName: '{{ windowsPasswordName }}'
       Loop:
         RateControl: '{{ rateControl }}'
         Items: '{{ getInstance.instanceIds }}'
         Outputs:
           commandOutputs:
             AggregateType: Fn::ListJoin
             AggregateField: commandOutput
       Outputs:
         commandOutput:
           Type: String
           ValueSelector: invocationOutput
     - Name: rebootInstance
       Action: ACS::ECS::RebootInstance
       Description:
         en: Restarts the ECS instances.
          
       Properties:
         regionId: '{{ regionId }}'
         instanceId: '{{ ACS::TaskLoopItem }}'
       Loop:
         RateControl: '{{ rateControl }}'
         Items: '{{ getInstance.instanceIds }}'
   Outputs:
     instanceIds:
       Type: List
       Value: '{{ getInstance.instanceIds }}'

3. Click Create Template.

4. In the dialog box that appears, enter a template name and click OK. In this example, the template name is runcommand_reboot_instances.

Execute the template.

1. Find the template that you created and click Create Execution in the Actions column.

2. Configure the execution.

   Complete the execution configurations as prompted. In the Parameter Settings step, set the TargetInstance parameter to Manually Select Instances and select multiple instances. Use the default values for other parameters.

3. In the OK step, click Create.

   After the execution is created, the execution starts and you are automatically directed to the Basic Information tab on the execution details page. If the template is executed, Success is displayed next to Execution Status.

View the execution procedure and the details of each task node.

1. In the Execution Steps and Results section, click View Execution Flowchart to view the execution process.

   

2. Click the Execute cloud assistant command step and then click the circular Task List tab to view the execution details of each task node. The following figure shows that the operations specified in the template are performed.