This topic describes how to migrate data from a self-managed Oracle database to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster by using Data Transmission Service (DTS). DTS supports schema migration, full data migration, and incremental data migration. When you migrate data from a self-managed Oracle database, you can select all of the supported migration types to ensure service continuity.
Prerequisites
The source Oracle database and the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster are created.
NoteFor more information about how to create the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster, see Purchase an Enterprise Edition cluster and Purchase a subscription cluster.
For more information about the supported versions of the source database and the destination cluster, see Overview of data migration scenarios.
The self-managed Oracle database is running in ARCHIVELOG mode. Archived log files are accessible and an appropriate retention period is set for archived log files. For more information, see Managing Archived Redo Log Files.
The supplemental logging feature is enabled for the self-managed Oracle database, and the SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PK and SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_UI parameters are set to Yes. For more information, see Supplemental Logging.
The available storage space of the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster is larger than the total size of the data in the self-managed Oracle database.
Usage notes
During schema migration, DTS migrates foreign keys from the source database to the destination database.
During full data migration and incremental data migration, DTS temporarily disables the constraint check and cascade operations on foreign keys at the session level. If you perform the cascade update and delete operations on the source database during data migration, data inconsistency may occur.
Category | Description |
Limits on the source database |
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Other limits |
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Special cases | If the destination database runs on a PolarDB for MySQL cluster, take note of the following limits:
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Billing
Migration type | Instance configuration fee | Internet traffic fee |
Schema migration and full data migration | Free of charge. | Charged only when data is migrated from Alibaba Cloud over the Internet. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Incremental data migration | Charged. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Migration types
Migration type | Description |
Schema migration | DTS migrates the schemas of objects to the destination database. DTS has the following limits on schema migration for tables and indexes:
Note DTS does not support schema migration for the following types of objects: view, synonym, stored procedure, function, package, and user-defined type. Warning In this topic, the source and destination databases are heterogeneous databases. The schemas of the source and destination databases may be inconsistent after schema migration. We recommend that you evaluate the impact of data type conversion on your business. For more information, see Data type mappings between heterogeneous databases. |
Full data migration | DTS migrates the existing data of the required objects from the self-managed Oracle database to the destination database. |
Incremental data migration | After full data migration is complete, DTS retrieves redo log files from the self-managed Oracle database. Then, DTS migrates incremental data from the self-managed Oracle database to the destination database. Incremental data migration ensures service continuity of self-managed applications during data migration. |
SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated
Operation type | SQL statement |
DML | INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE |
DDL |
|
Data type mappings
For more information about, see Data type mappings between heterogeneous databases.
Before you begin
Log on to the self-managed Oracle database, create an account that you want to use to collect data, and then grant permissions to the account.
If you have created a database account and the account has the permissions that are described in the following table, you can skip this step.
Database | Schema migration | Full data migration | Incremental data migration |
Self-managed Oracle database | Permissions of the schema owner | Permissions of the schema owner | Permissions of the database administrator (DBA) |
PolarDB for MySQL cluster | Write permissions on the destination database |
To create a database account and grant permissions to the database account, perform the following operations:
Self-managed Oracle database: Prepare a database account, CREATE USER, and GRANT
PolarDB for MySQL cluster: Create and manage a database account.
If you need to migrate incremental data from an Oracle database but the database administrator (DBA) permissions cannot be granted to the database account, you can enable archive logging and supplemental logging, and grant fine-grained permissions to the account.
Enable archive logging and supplemental logging.
Type
Procedure
Archive logging
Execute the following statements to enable archive logging:
shutdown immediate; startup mount; alter database archivelog; alter database open; archive log list;
Supplemental logging
Enable supplemental logging at the database or table level based on your business requirements.
NoteYou can enable database-level supplemental logging to ensure the stability of Data Transmission Service (DTS) tasks. You can enable table-level supplemental logging to reduce the disk usage of the source Oracle database.
Enable database-level supplemental logging
Execute the following statement to enable minimal supplemental logging:
alter database add supplemental log data;
Execute the following statement to enable primary key and unique key supplemental logging at the database level:
alter database add supplemental log data (primary key,unique index) columns;
Enable table-level supplemental logging
Execute the following statement to enable minimal supplemental logging:
alter database add supplemental log data;
Enable table-level supplemental logging by using one of the following methods:
Enable primary key supplemental logging at the table level
alter table table_name add supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
Enable table-level supplemental logging for all columns
alter table tb_name add supplemental log data (all) columns;
Force logging
Execute the following statement to enable force logging:
alter database force logging;
Grant fine-grained permissions to an Oracle database account.
Oracle versions 9i to 11g
# Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant resource to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on V_$LOGMNR_LOGS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_registry to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any table to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any transaction to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$log privileges grant select on v_$log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logfile privileges grant select on v_$logfile to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$archived_log privileges grant select on v_$archived_log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$parameter privileges grant select on v_$parameter to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$database privileges grant select on v_$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$active_instances privileges grant select on v_$active_instances to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$instance privileges grant select on v_$instance to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logmnr_contents privileges grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- system tables grant select on sys.USER$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.OBJ$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.COL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.IND$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.ICOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CDEF$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CCOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABSUBPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABCOMPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select_catalog_role TO rdsdt_dtsacct;
Oracle versions 12c to 19c that use the multitenant architecture
# Switch to the pluggable database (PDB). Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. ALTER SESSION SET container = ORCLPDB1; create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant resource to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_registry to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any table to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any transaction to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$log privileges grant select on v_$log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logfile privileges grant select on v_$logfile to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$archived_log privileges grant select on v_$archived_log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$parameter privileges grant select on v_$parameter to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$database privileges grant select on v_$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$active_instances privileges grant select on v_$active_instances to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$instance privileges grant select on v_$instance to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logmnr_contents privileges grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on sys.USER$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.OBJ$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.COL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.IND$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.ICOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CDEF$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CCOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABSUBPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABCOMPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- V$PDBS privileges grant select on V_$PDBS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on v$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on DBA_TAB_COMMENTS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select_catalog_role TO rdsdt_dtsacct; # Switch to the CDB$ROOT, which is the root container of the container database (CDB). Create a database account and grant permissions to the account. ALTER SESSION SET container = CDB$ROOT; # Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. You must modify the default parameters of the Oracle database. alter session set "_ORACLE_SCRIPT"=true; create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant LOGMINING TO rdsdt_dtsacct; grant EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct;
Oracle versions 12c to 19c that use a non-multitenant architecture
# Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant resource to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on V_$LOGMNR_LOGS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_registry to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any table to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any transaction to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on v$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on DBA_TAB_COMMENTS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$log privileges grant select on v_$log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logfile privileges grant select on v_$logfile to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$archived_log privileges grant select on v_$archived_log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$parameter privileges grant select on v_$parameter to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$database privileges grant select on v_$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$active_instances privileges grant select on v_$active_instances to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$instance privileges grant select on v_$instance to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logmnr_contents privileges grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on sys.USER$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.OBJ$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.COL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.IND$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.ICOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CDEF$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CCOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABSUBPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABCOMPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant LOGMINING TO rdsdt_dtsacct; grant EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select_catalog_role TO rdsdt_dtsacct;
Procedure
Go to the Data Migration Tasks page.
Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
In the top navigation bar, move the pointer over DTS.
Choose .
NoteThe actual operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Customize the layout and style of the DMS console.
You can also go to the Data Migration page of the new DTS console.
From the drop-down list on the right side of Data Migration Tasks, select the region in which your data migration instance resides.
NoteIf you use the new DTS console, you must select the region in which the data migration instance resides in the upper-left corner.
Click Create Task. On the Create Data Migration Task page, configure the source and destination databases. The following table describes the parameters.
WarningAfter you configure the source and destination databases, we recommend that you read the Limits that are displayed in the upper part of the page. Otherwise, the task may fail or data inconsistency may occur.
Section
Parameter
Description
N/A
Task Name
The name of the task. DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify an informative name to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
Source Database
Database Type
The type of the source database. Select Oracle.
Access Method
The access method of the source database. In this example, Public IP Address is selected.
NoteIf you select other access methods, you must set up the environment that is required for the self-managed Oracle database. For more information, see Preparation overview.
Instance Region
The region in which the source Oracle database resides.
Hostname or IP Address
The IP address that is used to access the self-managed Oracle database.
Port Number
The service port number of the self-managed Oracle database. Default value: 1521.
NoteIn this example, the service port of the self-managed Oracle database must be accessible over the Internet.
Oracle Type
The architecture of the source Oracle database. If you select Non-RAC Instance, you must specify the SID parameter.
If you select RAC or PDB Instance, you must specify the Service Name parameter.
In this example, Non-RAC Instance is selected.
Database Account
The account of the source Oracle database. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Before you begin.
Database Password
The password that is used to access the database instance.
Destination Database
Database Type
The type of the destination database. Select PolarDB for MySQL.
Access Method
The access method of the destination database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
Instance Region
The region in which the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster resides.
PolarDB Cluster ID
Select the ID of the source PolarDB for MySQL cluster.
Database Account
The database account of the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster. For information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Before you begin.
Database Password
The password that is used to access the database instance.
If an IP address whitelist is configured for your self-managed database, add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the IP address whitelist. Then, click Test Connectivity.
WarningIf the public CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the whitelist of a database instance or to the security group rules of an ECS instance, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to migrate data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhancing the security of your username and password, limiting the ports that are exposed, authenticating API calls, regularly checking the whitelist or security group rules and forbidding unauthorized CIDR blocks, or connecting the database instance to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
Configure the objects to be migrated and advanced settings.
Basic Settings
Parameter or setting
Description
Migration Types
To perform only full data migration, select Schema Migration and Full Data Migration.
To ensure service continuity during data migration, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration.
NoteIf you do not select Incremental Data Migration, we recommend that you do not write data to the source database during data migration. This ensures data consistency between the source and destination databases.
Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables
Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that use the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data migration task cannot be started.
NoteIf the source and destination databases contain tables with identical names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed, you can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are migrated to the destination database. For more information, see Map object names.
Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
WarningIf you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to the following potential risks:
If the source and destination databases have the same schema, and a data record has the same primary key as an existing data record in the destination database, the following scenarios may occur:
During full data migration, DTS does not migrate the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained.
During incremental data migration, DTS migrates the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten.
If the source and destination databases have different schemas, only specific columns are migrated or the data migration task fails. Proceed with caution.
Source Objects
Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section. Click the icon to add the objects to the Selected Objects section.
Rename Databases and Tables
To rename an object that you want to migrate to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see the Map the name of a single object section of the Map object names topic.
To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see the Map multiple object names at a time section of the Map object names topic.
NoteIf you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that depend on the object may fail to be migrated.
Filter data
You can specify conditions to filter data. For more information, see Specify filter conditions.
Select the SQL operations to be incrementally migrated
In the Selected Objects section, right-click an object. In the dialog box that appears, select the DDL and DML operations that you want to migrate. For more information, see SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated.
Advanced Settings
Parameter
Description
Monitoring and Alerting
Specifies whether to configure alerting for the data migration task. If the task fails or the migration latency exceeds the specified threshold, the alert contacts receive notifications. Valid values:
No: does not configure alerting.
Yes: configures alerting. In this case, you must also configure the alert threshold and alert notification settings. For more information, see the Configure monitoring and alerting when you create a DTS task section of the Configure monitoring and alerting topic.
Retry Time for Failed Connections
The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data migration task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the retry time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS is reconnected to the source and destination databases within the specified retry time range, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.
NoteIf you specify different retry time ranges for multiple data migration tasks that share the same source or destination database, the value that is specified later takes precedence.
When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at the earliest opportunity after the source database and destination instance are released.
In the lower part of the page, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck.
You can move the pointer over Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck and click Preview OpenAPI parameters to view the parameters to be specified when you call the relevant API operation to configure the DTS task.
NoteBefore you can start the data migration task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data migration task only after the task passes the precheck.
If the task fails to pass the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you analyze the causes based on the check results, troubleshoot the issues. Then, run a precheck again.
If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:
If an alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issues. Then, run a precheck again.
If the alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
Wait until Success Rate becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
Read and agree to Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms by selecting the check box.
Click Buy and Start. In the message that appears, click OK.
You can view the progress of the task on the Data Migration page.