Container Service for Kubernetes:Cloud-native AI component set user guide

Background information

The cloud-native AI component set includes components that can be independently deployed by using Helm charts. You can use these components to accelerate AI projects.

Prerequisites

The following operations are completed by an administrator:

• An ACK cluster is created. For more information, see Create an ACK managed cluster.

  • The disk size of each node in the cluster is at least 300 GB.

  • If you require optimal data acceleration, use four Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instances that each provides eight V100 GPUs.

  • If you require optimal topology awareness, use two ECS instances that each provides two V100 GPUs.

• All components included in the cloud-native AI component set are installed in the cluster. For more information, see Deploy the cloud-native AI suite.

• AI Dashboard is ready for use. For more information, see Access AI Dashboard.

• AI Developer Console is ready for use. For more information, see Log on to AI Developer Console.

• The Fashion-MNIST dataset is downloaded and uploaded to an Object Storage Service (OSS) bucket. For more information about how to upload a model to an OSS bucket, see Upload objects.

• The address, username, and password of the Git repository that stores the test code are obtained.

• A kubectl client is connected to the cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

• Arena is installed. For more information, see Install Arena.

Test environment

Experiment objectives

Step 1: Create a user and allocate resources

Step 2: Create a dataset

The administrator must prepare a dataset. In this example, the Fashion-MNIST dataset is used.

a: Add the Fashion-MNIST dataset

1. Use the following YAML template to create a file named fashion-mnist.yaml:

   In this example, a persistent volume (PV) and a persistent volume claim (PVC) are created to mount the OSS bucket that stores the Fashion-MNIST dataset.

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: PersistentVolume
   metadata:
     name: fashion-demo-pv
   spec:
     accessModes:
     - ReadWriteMany
     capacity:
       storage: 10Gi
     csi:
       driver: ossplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
       volumeAttributes:
         bucket: fashion-mnist
         otherOpts: ""
         url: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
         akId: "AKID"
         akSecret: "AKSECRET"
       volumeHandle: fashion-demo-pv
     persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
     storageClassName: oss
     volumeMode: Filesystem
   ---
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
   metadata:
     name: fashion-demo-pvc
     namespace: demo-ns
   spec:
     accessModes:
     - ReadWriteMany
     resources:
       requests:
         storage: 10Gi
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         alicloud-pvname: fashion-demo-pv
     storageClassName: oss
     volumeMode: Filesystem
     volumeName: fashion-demo-pv

2. Run the following command to create the fashion-mnist.yaml file:

   kubectl create -f fashion-mnist.yaml

3. Check the status of the created PV and PVC.

   • Run the following command to check the status of the created PV:

     kubectl get pv fashion-mnist-jackwg

     Expected output:

     NAME                   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM                          STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
     fashion-mnist-jackwg   10Gi       RWX            Retain           Bound    ns1/fashion-mnist-jackwg-pvc   oss                     8h

   • Run the following command to check the status of the created PVC:

     kubectl get pvc fashion-mnist-jackwg-pvc -n ns1

     Expected output:

     NAME                       STATUS   VOLUME                 CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
     fashion-mnist-jackwg-pvc   Bound    fashion-mnist-jackwg   10Gi       RWX            oss            8h

   The output shows that both the PV and PVC are in the Bound state.

b: Accelerate the dataset

The administrator must accelerate the dataset by using AI Dashboard.

1. Access AI Dashboard as an administrator.
2. In the left-side navigation pane of AI Dashboard, choose Dataset > Dataset List.

3. On the Dataset List page, find the dataset and click Accelerate in the Operator column.

   The following figure shows the accelerated dataset.

Step 3: Develop a model

a (optional): Use a custom image to create a Jupyter notebook

AI Developer Console provides various versions of images that support TensorFlow and PyTorch for you to create Jupyter notebooks. You can also use a custom image to create a Jupyter notebook.

1. Use the following Dockerfile template to create a file named Dockerfile.

   For more information about the limits on custom images, see Create and use a Jupyter notebook.

   cat<<EOF >dockerfile
   FROM tensorflow/tensorflow:1.15.5-gpu
   USER root
   RUN pip install jupyter && \
       pip install ipywidgets && \
       jupyter nbextension enable --py widgetsnbextension && \
       pip install jupyterlab && jupyter serverextension enable --py jupyterlab
   EXPOSE 8888
   #USER jovyan
   CMD ["sh", "-c", "jupyter-lab --notebook-dir=/home/jovyan --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --allow-root --port=8888 --NotebookApp.token='' --NotebookApp.password='' --NotebookApp.allow_origin='*' --NotebookApp.base_url=${NB_PREFIX} --ServerApp.authenticate_prometheus=False"]
   EOF

2. Run the following command to build an image from the Dockerfile:

   docker build -f dockerfile .

   Expected output:

   Sending build context to Docker daemon  9.216kB
   Step 1/5 : FROM tensorflow/tensorflow:1.15.5-gpu
    ---> 73be11373498
   Step 2/5 : USER root
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 7ee21dc7e42e
   Step 3/5 : RUN pip install jupyter &&     pip install ipywidgets &&     jupyter nbextension enable --py widgetsnbextension &&     pip install jupyterlab && jupyter serverextension enable --py jupyterlab
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 23bc51c5e16d
   Step 4/5 : EXPOSE 8888
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 76a55822ddae
   Step 5/5 : CMD ["sh", "-c", "jupyter-lab --notebook-dir=/home/jovyan --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --allow-root --port=8888 --NotebookApp.token='' --NotebookApp.password='' --NotebookApp.allow_origin='*' --NotebookApp.base_url=${NB_PREFIX} --ServerApp.authenticate_prometheus=False"]
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 3692f04626d5
   Successfully built 3692f04626d5

3. Run the following commands to push the image to your Docker image repository:

   docker tag ${IMAGE_ID} registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/${DOCKER_REPO}/jupyter:fashion-mnist-20210802a
   docker push registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/${DOCKER_REPO}/jupyter:fashion-mnist-20210802a

4. Create a Secret that is used to pull the image from the Docker image repository:

   For more information, see Create a Secret based on existing Docker credentials.

   kubectl create secret docker-registry regcred \
     --docker-server=<Your registry server> \
     --docker-username=<Username> \
     --docker-password=<Password> \
     --docker-email=<Your email address>

5. Create a Jupyter notebook in AI Developer Console.

   For more information, see Create and use a Jupyter notebook.

   The following figure shows the parameters for creating a Jupyter notebook.

b: Use the Jupyter notebook to develop and test a model

1. Log on to AI Developer Console
   
2. In the left-side navigation pane of AI Developer Console, click Notebook.

3. On the Notebook page, click the Jupyter notebook that is in the Running state.

4. Create a CLI launcher and verify that the dataset is mounted.

   pwd
   /root/data
   ls -alh

   Expected output:

   total 30M
   drwx------ 1 root root    0 Jan  1  1970 .
   drwx------ 1 root root 4.0K Aug  2 04:15 ..
   drwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Aug  1 14:16 saved_model
   -rw-r----- 1 root root 4.3M Aug  1 01:53 t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
   -rw-r----- 1 root root 5.1K Aug  1 01:53 t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
   -rw-r----- 1 root root  26M Aug  1 01:54 train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
   -rw-r----- 1 root root  29K Aug  1 01:53 train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz

5. Create a Jupyter notebook that is used to train a model based on the Fashion-MNIST dataset. The following code block is used to initialize the notebook:

   #!/usr/bin/python
   # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
   
   import os
   import gzip
   import numpy as np
   import tensorflow as tf
   from tensorflow import keras
   print('TensorFlow version: {}'.format(tf.__version__))
   dataset_path = "/root/data/"
   model_path = "./model/"
   model_version =  "v1"
   
   def load_data():
       files = [
           'train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz',
           'train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz',
           't10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz',
           't10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'
       ]
       paths = []
       for fname in files:
           paths.append(os.path.join(dataset_path, fname))
       with gzip.open(paths[0], 'rb') as labelpath:
           y_train = np.frombuffer(labelpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=8)
       with gzip.open(paths[1], 'rb') as imgpath:
           x_train = np.frombuffer(imgpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=16).reshape(len(y_train), 28, 28)
       with gzip.open(paths[2], 'rb') as labelpath:
           y_test = np.frombuffer(labelpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=8)
       with gzip.open(paths[3], 'rb') as imgpath:
           x_test = np.frombuffer(imgpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=16).reshape(len(y_test), 28, 28)
       return (x_train, y_train),(x_test, y_test)
   
   def train():
       (train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = load_data()
   
       # scale the values to 0.0 to 1.0
       train_images = train_images / 255.0
       test_images = test_images / 255.0
   
       # reshape for feeding into the model
       train_images = train_images.reshape(train_images.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)
       test_images = test_images.reshape(test_images.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)
   
       class_names = ['T-shirt/top', 'Trouser', 'Pullover', 'Dress', 'Coat',
                   'Sandal', 'Shirt', 'Sneaker', 'Bag', 'Ankle boot']
   
       print('\ntrain_images.shape: {}, of {}'.format(train_images.shape, train_images.dtype))
       print('test_images.shape: {}, of {}'.format(test_images.shape, test_images.dtype))
   
       model = keras.Sequential([
       keras.layers.Conv2D(input_shape=(28,28,1), filters=8, kernel_size=3,
                           strides=2, activation='relu', name='Conv1'),
       keras.layers.Flatten(),
       keras.layers.Dense(10, activation=tf.nn.softmax, name='Softmax')
       ])
       model.summary()
       testing = False
       epochs = 5
       model.compile(optimizer='adam',
                   loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
                   metrics=['accuracy'])
       logdir = "/training_logs"
       tensorboard_callback = keras.callbacks.TensorBoard(log_dir=logdir)
       model.fit(train_images,
           train_labels,
           epochs=epochs,
           callbacks=[tensorboard_callback],
       )
       test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(test_images, test_labels)
       print('\nTest accuracy: {}'.format(test_acc))
       export_path = os.path.join(model_path, model_version)
       print('export_path = {}\n'.format(export_path))
       tf.keras.models.save_model(
           model,
           export_path,
           overwrite=True,
           include_optimizer=True,
           save_format=None,
           signatures=None,
           options=None
       )
       print('\nSaved model success')
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       train()

   Important

   Replace dataset_path and model_path with the paths of the dataset and model. This allows the notebook to access the dataset that is mounted to the cluster.

6. Click the icon on the notebook.

   Expected output:

   TensorFlow version: 1.15.5
   
   train_images.shape: (60000, 28, 28, 1), of float64
   test_images.shape: (10000, 28, 28, 1), of float64
   Model: "sequential_2"
   _________________________________________________________________
   Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #
   =================================================================
   Conv1 (Conv2D)               (None, 13, 13, 8)         80
   _________________________________________________________________
   flatten_2 (Flatten)          (None, 1352)              0
   _________________________________________________________________
   Softmax (Dense)              (None, 10)                13530
   =================================================================
   Total params: 13,610
   Trainable params: 13,610
   Non-trainable params: 0
   _________________________________________________________________
   Train on 60000 samples
   Epoch 1/5
   60000/60000 [==============================] - 3s 57us/sample - loss: 0.5452 - acc: 0.8102
   Epoch 2/5
   60000/60000 [==============================] - 3s 52us/sample - loss: 0.4103 - acc: 0.8555
   Epoch 3/5
   60000/60000 [==============================] - 3s 55us/sample - loss: 0.3750 - acc: 0.8681
   Epoch 4/5
   60000/60000 [==============================] - 3s 55us/sample - loss: 0.3524 - acc: 0.8757
   Epoch 5/5
   60000/60000 [==============================] - 3s 53us/sample - loss: 0.3368 - acc: 0.8798
   10000/10000 [==============================] - 0s 37us/sample - loss: 0.3770 - acc: 0.8673
   
   Test accuracy: 0.8672999739646912
   export_path = ./model/v1
   Saved model success

c: Use the Jupyter notebook to submit code to a Git repository

After the notebook is created, you can use the notebook to submit code to a Git repository.

1. Run the following command to install Git:

   apt-get update
   apt-get install git

2. Run the following command to initialize Git and save the username and password to the notebook:

   git config --global credential.helper store
   git pull ${YOUR_GIT_REPO}

3. Run the following command to push code to a Git repository:

   git push origin fashion-test

   Expected output:

   Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
   To codeup.aliyun.com:60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git
    * [new branch]      fashion-test -> fashion-test

d: Use the Arena SDK to submit a training job

1. Install the dependency for the Arena SDK.

   !pip install coloredlogs

2. Use the following code to create a Python file for initialization:

   import os
   import sys
   import time
   from arenasdk.client.client import ArenaClient
   from arenasdk.enums.types import *
   from arenasdk.exceptions.arena_exception import *
   from arenasdk.training.tensorflow_job_builder import *
   from arenasdk.logger.logger import LoggerBuilder
   
   def main():
       print("start to test arena-python-sdk")
       client = ArenaClient("","demo-ns","info","arena-system") # The training job is submitted to the demo-ns namespace. 
       print("create ArenaClient succeed.")
       print("start to create tfjob")
       job_name = "arena-sdk-distributed-test"
       job_type = TrainingJobType.TFTrainingJob
       try:
           # build the training job
           job =  TensorflowJobBuilder().with_name(job_name)\
               .witch_workers(1)\
               .with_gpus(1)\
               .witch_worker_image("tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel-gpu")\
               .witch_ps_image("tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel")\
               .witch_ps_count(1)\
               .with_datas({"fashion-demo-pvc":"/data"})\
               .enable_tensorboard()\
               .with_sync_mode("git")\
               .with_sync_source("https://codeup.aliyun.com/60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git")\  # The address of the Git repository. 
               .with_envs({\
                   "GIT_SYNC_USERNAME":"USERNAME", \   # The username of the Git repository. 
                   "GIT_SYNC_PASSWORD":"PASSWORD",\    # The password of the Git repository. 
                   "TEST_TMPDIR":"/",\
               })\
               .with_command("python code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/tf-distributed-mnist.py").build()
           # if training job is not existed,create it
           if client.training().get(job_name, job_type):
               print("the job {} has been created, to delete it".format(job_name))
               client.training().delete(job_name, job_type)
               time.sleep(3)
   
           output = client.training().submit(job)
           print(output)
   
           count = 0
           # waiting training job to be running
           while True:
               if count > 160:
                   raise Exception("timeout for waiting job to be running")
               jobInfo = client.training().get(job_name,job_type)
               if jobInfo.get_status() == TrainingJobStatus.TrainingJobPending:
                   print("job status is PENDING,waiting...")
                   count = count + 1
                   time.sleep(5)
                   continue
               print("current status is {} of job {}".format(jobInfo.get_status().value,job_name))
               break
           # get the training job logs
           logger = LoggerBuilder().with_accepter(sys.stdout).with_follow().with_since("5m")
           #jobInfo.get_instances()[0].get_logs(logger)
           # display the training job information
           print(str(jobInfo))
           # delete the training job
           #client.training().delete(job_name, job_type)
       except ArenaException as e:
           print(e)
   
   main()

   • namespace: In this example, the training job is submitted to the demo-ns namespace.

   • with_sync_source: The address of the Git repository.

   • with_envs: The username and password of the Git repository.

3. Click the icon on the notebook.

   Expected output:

   2021-11-02/08:57:28 DEBUG util.py[line:19] - execute command: [arena get --namespace=demo-ns --arena-namespace=arena-system --loglevel=info arena-sdk-distributed-test --type=tfjob -o json]
   2021-11-02/08:57:28 DEBUG util.py[line:19] - execute command: [arena submit --namespace=demo-ns --arena-namespace=arena-system --loglevel=info tfjob --name=arena-sdk-distributed-test --workers=1 --gpus=1 --worker-image=tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel-gpu --ps-image=tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel --ps=1 --data=fashion-demo-pvc:/data --tensorboard --sync-mode=git --sync-source=https://codeup.aliyun.com/60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git --env=GIT_SYNC_USERNAME=kubeai --env=GIT_SYNC_PASSWORD=kubeai@ACK123 --env=TEST_TMPDIR=/ python code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/tf-distributed-mnist.py]
   start to test arena-python-sdk
   create ArenaClient succeed.
   start to create tfjob
   2021-11-02/08:57:29 DEBUG util.py[line:19] - execute command: [arena get --namespace=demo-ns --arena-namespace=arena-system --loglevel=info arena-sdk-distributed-test --type=tfjob -o json]
   service/arena-sdk-distributed-test-tensorboard created
   deployment.apps/arena-sdk-distributed-test-tensorboard created
   tfjob.kubeflow.org/arena-sdk-distributed-test created
   
   job status is PENDING,waiting...
   2021-11-02/09:00:34 DEBUG util.py[line:19] - execute command: [arena get --namespace=demo-ns --arena-namespace=arena-system --loglevel=info arena-sdk-distributed-test --type=tfjob -o json]
   current status is RUNNING of job arena-sdk-distributed-test
   {
       "allocated_gpus": 1,
       "chief_name": "arena-sdk-distributed-test-worker-0",
       "duration": "185s",
       "instances": [
           {
               "age": "13s",
               "gpu_metrics": [],
               "is_chief": false,
               "name": "arena-sdk-distributed-test-ps-0",
               "node_ip": "192.168.5.8",
               "node_name": "cn-beijing.192.168.5.8",
               "owner": "arena-sdk-distributed-test",
               "owner_type": "tfjob",
               "request_gpus": 0,
               "status": "Running"
           },
           {
               "age": "13s",
               "gpu_metrics": [],
               "is_chief": true,
               "name": "arena-sdk-distributed-test-worker-0",
               "node_ip": "192.168.5.8",
               "node_name": "cn-beijing.192.168.5.8",
               "owner": "arena-sdk-distributed-test",
               "owner_type": "tfjob",
               "request_gpus": 1,
               "status": "Running"
           }
       ],
       "name": "arena-sdk-distributed-test",
       "namespace": "demo-ns",
       "priority": "N/A",
       "request_gpus": 1,
       "tensorboard": "http://192.168.5.6:31068",
       "type": "tfjob"
   }

Step 4: Train a model

Refer to the following example to submit a standalone TensorFlow training job, a distributed TensorFlow training job, a Fluid-accelerated training job, and a distributed training job accelerated by the AI job scheduler of ACK.

Example 1: Submit a standalone TensorFlow training job

After you develop a model by using the notebook and save the model, you can use Arena or AI Developer Console to submit a training job.

Method 1: Use Arena to submit a standalone TensorFlow training job

arena \
  submit \
  tfjob \
  -n ns1 \
  --name=fashion-mnist-arena \
  --data=fashion-mnist-jackwg-pvc:/root/data/ \
  --env=DATASET_PATH=/root/data/ \
  --env=MODEL_PATH=/root/saved_model \
  --env=MODEL_VERSION=1 \
  --env=GIT_SYNC_USERNAME=<GIT_USERNAME> \
  --env=GIT_SYNC_PASSWORD=<GIT_PASSWORD> \
  --sync-mode=git \
  --sync-source=https://codeup.aliyun.com/60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git \
  --image="tensorflow/tensorflow:2.2.2-gpu" \
  "python /root/code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/train.py --log_dir=/training_logs"

Method 2: Use AI Developer Console to submit a standalone TensorFlow training job

1. Configure the data source. For more information, see Configure a dataset.

   

   The following table describes some parameters.

   Parameter	Example	Required
   Name	fashion-demo	Yes
   Namespace	demo-ns	Yes
   PersistentVolumeClaim	fashion-demo-pvc	Yes
   Local Directory	/root/data	No

2. Configure the source code. For more information, see Configure a source code repository.

   

   Parameter	Example	Required
   Name	fashion-git	Yes
   Git Repository	https://codeup.aliyun.com/60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git	Yes
   Default Branch	master	No
   Local Directory	/root/	No
   Git user	The username of your private Git repository.	No
   Git secret	The password of your private Git repository.	No

3. Submit a standalone TensorFlow training job. For more information, see Submit a TensorFlow training job.

   After you configure the job parameters, click Submit. The training job appears in the job list. The following figure describes the job parameters.

   Parameter	Description
   Job Name	In this example, fashion-tf-ui is used.
   Job Type	In this example, TF Stand-alone is selected.
   Namespace	In this example, demo-ns is selected. You must select the namespace to which the dataset belongs.
   Data Configuration	In this example, fashion-demo is selected. You must select the data source that you configured in Step 1.
   Code Configuration	In this example, fashion-git is selected. You must select the source code that you configured in Step 2.
   Code branch	In this example, master is specified.
   Execution Command	In this example, the following command is specified: "export DATASET_PATH=/root/data/ &&export MODEL_PATH=/root/saved_model &&export MODEL_VERSION=1 &&python /root/code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/train.py".
   Private Git	To use a private Git repository, you must first specify the username and password of the private Git repository.
   Instances Count	Default value: 1.
   Image	In this example, tensorflow/tensorflow:2.2.2-gpu is specified.
   Image Pull Secrets	To pull images from a private image repository, you must first create a Secret.
   CPU (Cores)	Default value: 4.
   Memory (GB)	Default value: 8.

   For more information about Arena commands, see Use Arena to submit a TensorFlow training job.

4. After you submit the job, check the job log.

   1. In the left-side navigation pane of AI Developer Console, click Job List.

   2. On the Job List page, click the name of the job that you submitted.

   3. On the details page, click the Instances tab. Find the instance that you want to view and click Log in the Operator column.

      Example:

      train_images.shape: (60000, 28, 28, 1), of float64
      test_images.shape: (10000, 28, 28, 1), of float64
      Model: "sequential"
      _________________________________________________________________
      Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #
      =================================================================
      Conv1 (Conv2D)               (None, 13, 13, 8)         80
      _________________________________________________________________
      flatten (Flatten)            (None, 1352)              0
      _________________________________________________________________
      Softmax (Dense)              (None, 10)                13530
      =================================================================
      Total params: 13,610
      Trainable params: 13,610
      Non-trainable params: 0
      _________________________________________________________________
      Epoch 1/5
      2021-08-01 14:21:17.532237: E tensorflow/core/profiler/internal/gpu/cupti_tracer.cc:1430] function cupti_interface_->EnableCallback( 0 , subscriber_, CUPTI_CB_DOMAIN_DRIVER_API, cbid)failed with error CUPTI_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
      2021-08-01 14:21:17.532390: I tensorflow/core/profiler/internal/gpu/device_tracer.cc:216]  GpuTracer has collected 0 callback api events and 0 activity events.
      2021-08-01 14:21:17.533535: I tensorflow/core/profiler/rpc/client/save_profile.cc:168] Creating directory: /training_logs/train/plugins/profile/2021_08_01_14_21_17
      2021-08-01 14:21:17.533928: I tensorflow/core/profiler/rpc/client/save_profile.cc:174] Dumped gzipped tool data for trace.json.gz to /training_logs/train/plugins/profile/2021_08_01_14_21_17/fashion-mnist-arena-chief-0.trace.json.gz
      2021-08-01 14:21:17.534251: I tensorflow/core/profiler/utils/event_span.cc:288] Generation of step-events took 0 ms
      
      2021-08-01 14:21:17.534961: I tensorflow/python/profiler/internal/profiler_wrapper.cc:87] Creating directory: /training_logs/train/plugins/profile/2021_08_01_14_21_17Dumped tool data for overview_page.pb to /training_logs/train/plugins/profile/2021_08_01_14_21_17/fashion-mnist-arena-chief-0.overview_page.pb
      Dumped tool data for input_pipeline.pb to /training_logs/train/plugins/profile/2021_08_01_14_21_17/fashion-mnist-arena-chief-0.input_pipeline.pb
      Dumped tool data for tensorflow_stats.pb to /training_logs/train/plugins/profile/2021_08_01_14_21_17/fashion-mnist-arena-chief-0.tensorflow_stats.pb
      Dumped tool data for kernel_stats.pb to /training_logs/train/plugins/profile/2021_08_01_14_21_17/fashion-mnist-arena-chief-0.kernel_stats.pb
      
      1875/1875 [==============================] - 3s 2ms/step - loss: 0.5399 - accuracy: 0.8116
      Epoch 2/5
      1875/1875 [==============================] - 3s 2ms/step - loss: 0.4076 - accuracy: 0.8573
      Epoch 3/5
      1875/1875 [==============================] - 3s 2ms/step - loss: 0.3727 - accuracy: 0.8694
      Epoch 4/5
      1875/1875 [==============================] - 3s 2ms/step - loss: 0.3512 - accuracy: 0.8769
      Epoch 5/5
      1875/1875 [==============================] - 3s 2ms/step - loss: 0.3351 - accuracy: 0.8816
      313/313 [==============================] - 0s 1ms/step - loss: 0.3595 - accuracy: 0.8733
      2021-08-01 14:21:34.820089: W tensorflow/python/util/util.cc:329] Sets are not currently considered sequences, but this may change in the future, so consider avoiding using them.
      WARNING:tensorflow:From /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/resource_variable_ops.py:1817: calling BaseResourceVariable.__init__ (from tensorflow.python.ops.resource_variable_ops) with constraint is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
      Instructions for updating:
      If using Keras pass *_constraint arguments to layers.
      
      Test accuracy: 0.8733000159263611
      export_path = /root/saved_model/1
      
      
      Saved model success

5. View data on TensorBoard.

   You can use the kubectl port-forward command to map a local port to the TensorBoard Service. You can perform the following operations to establish a connection between MaxCompute and a VPC.

   1. Run the following command to query the IP address of the TensorBoard Service:

      kubectl get svc -n demo-ns

      Expected output:

      NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)               AGE
      tf-dist-arena-tensorboard   NodePort    172.16.XX.XX     <none>        6006:32226/TCP        80m

   2. Run the following command to map a local port to the TensorBoard Service:

      kubectl port-forward svc/tf-dist-arena-tensorboard -n demo-ns 6006:6006

      Expected output:

      Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:6006 -> 6006
      Forwarding from [::1]:6006 -> 6006
      Handling connection for 6006
      Handling connection for 6006

   3. Enter http://localhost:6006/ into the address bar of your browser to view data on TensorBoard.

      

Example 2: Submit a distributed TensorFlow training job

Method 1: Use Arena to submit a distributed TensorFlow training job

1. Run the following command to submit a distributed TensorFlow training job by using Arena:

   arena submit tf \
       -n demo-ns \
       --name=tf-dist-arena \
       --working-dir=/root/ \
       --data fashion-mnist-pvc:/data \
       --env=TEST_TMPDIR=/ \
       --env=GIT_SYNC_USERNAME=kubeai \
       --env=GIT_SYNC_PASSWORD=kubeai@ACK123 \
       --env=GIT_SYNC_BRANCH=master \
       --gpus=1 \
       --workers=2 \
       --worker-image=tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel-gpu \
       --sync-mode=git \
       --sync-source=https://codeup.aliyun.com/60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git \
       --ps=1 \
       --ps-image=tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel \
       --tensorboard \
       "python code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/tf-distributed-mnist.py --log_dir=/training_logs"

2. Run the following command to query the IP address of the TensorBoard Service:

   kubectl get svc -n demo-ns

   Expected output:

   NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                 AGE
   tf-dist-arena-tensorboard   NodePort    172.16.204.248   <none>        6006:32226/TCP          80m

3. Run the following command to map a local port to the TensorBoard Service.

   To view TensorBoard, use the kubectl port-forward command to map a local port to the TensorBoard Service.

   kubectl port-forward svc/tf-dist-arena-tensorboard -n demo-ns 6006:6006

   Expected output:

   Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:6006 -> 6006
   Forwarding from [::1]:6006 -> 6006
   Handling connection for 6006
   Handling connection for 6006

4. Enter http://localhost:6006/ into the address bar of your browser to view data on TensorBoard.

   

Method 2: Use AI Developer Console to submit a distributed TensorFlow training job

1. Configure the data source. For more information, see Configure a dataset.

   In this example, the data source configuration is the same as that used in 1.

2. Configure the source code. For more information, see Configure a source code repository.

   In this example, the source code configuration is the same as that used in 2.

3. Submit a distributed Tensorflow training job. For more information, see Submit a TensorFlow training job.

   After you configure the job parameters, click Submit. The training job appears in the job list. The following figure describes the job parameters.

   Parameter	Description
   Job Name	In this example, fashion-ps-ui is used.
   Job Type	In this example, TF Distributed is selected.
   Namespace	In this example, demo-ns is selected. You must select the namespace to which the dataset belongs.
   Data Configuration	In this example, fashion-demo is selected. You must select the data source that you configured in Step 1.
   Code Configuration	In this example, fashion-git is selected. You must select the source code that you configured in Step 2.
   Execution Command	In this example, the following command is specified: "export TEST_TMPDIR=/root/ && python code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/tf-distributed-mnist.py --log_dir=/training_logs".
   Image	On the Worker tab in the Resources section, set Image to tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel-gpu. On the PS tab in the Resources section, set Image to tensorflow/tensorflow:1.5.0-devel.

   For more information about Arena commands, see Use Arena to submit a TensorFlow training job.

4. View data on TensorBoard. For more information, see 2 to 4 in Method 1: Use Arena to submit a distributed TensorFlow training job.

Example 3: Submit a Fluid-accelerated training job

1. Accelerate the dataset.

   If you have accelerated fashion-demo-pvc in Step 2: Create a dataset, skip this step. For more information about how to accelerate a dataset, see Create an accelerated dataset based on OSS.

2. Submit a training job that uses the accelerated dataset.

   A developer submits a training job that uses the accelerated dataset to the demo-ns namespace. The configuration of a job that uses the accelerated dataset and the configuration of a job that uses a regular dataset differ in the following parameter settings:

   • --data: the accelerated VPC, which is fashion-demo-pvc-acc in this example.

   • --env=DATASET_PATH: the mount path of the dataset PVC, which is /root/data/ in --data in this example, and the name of the PVC, which is fashion-demo-pvc-acc in this example.

   arena \
     submit \
     tfjob \
     -n demo-ns \
     --name=fashion-mnist-fluid \
     --data=fashion-demo-pvc-acc:/root/data/ \
     --env=DATASET_PATH=/root/data/fashion-demo-pvc-acc \
     --env=MODEL_PATH=/root/saved_model \
     --env=MODEL_VERSION=1 \
     --env=GIT_SYNC_USERNAME=${GIT_USERNAME} \
     --env=GIT_SYNC_PASSWORD=${GIT_PASSWORD} \
     --sync-mode=git \
     --sync-source=https://codeup.aliyun.com/60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git \
     --image="tensorflow/tensorflow:2.2.2-gpu" \
     "python /root/code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/train.py --log_dir=/training_logs"

3. Run the following command to compare the time that is required to complete the two training jobs:

   arena list -n demo-ns

   Expected output:

   NAME                 STATUS     TRAINER  DURATION  GPU(Requested)  GPU(Allocated)  NODE
   fashion-mnist-fluid  SUCCEEDED  TFJOB    33s       0               N/A             192.168.5.7
   fashion-mnist-arena  SUCCEEDED  TFJOB    3m        0               N/A             192.168.5.8

   The output of the arena list command shows that 33 seconds is required to complete the Fluid-accelerated training job, whereas 3 minutes is required to complete the training job that uses a regular dataset. Both jobs run with the same code and on the same node.

Example 4: Use the AI job scheduler of ACK to accelerate a distributed training job

ACK provides the AI job scheduler that is optimized for AI and big data computing. The AI job scheduler supports gang scheduling, capacity scheduling, and topology-aware scheduling. In this example, a training job that has topology-aware GPU scheduling enabled is used.

To ensure the high performance of AI workloads, the AI job scheduler chooses an optimal scheduling solution based on the topological information about heterogeneous resources on nodes. The information includes how GPUs communicate with each other by using NVLink and PCIe Switches, and the non-uniform memory access (NUMA) topology of CPUs. For more information about topology-aware GPU scheduling, see Overview. For more information about topology-aware CPU scheduling, see Topology-aware CPU scheduling.

Perform the following steps to submit a training job that has topology-aware GPU scheduling enabled and a training job that has topology-aware GPU scheduling disabled. Then, compare the time that is required to complete the jobs.

1. Run the following command to submit a training job that has topology-aware GPU scheduling disabled:

   arena submit mpi \
     --name=tensorflow-4-vgg16 \
     --gpus=1 \
     --workers=4 \
     --image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes-image-hub/tensorflow-benchmark:tf2.3.0-py3.7-cuda10.1 \
     "mpirun --allow-run-as-root -np "4" -bind-to none -map-by slot -x NCCL_DEBUG=INFO -x NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eth0 -x LD_LIBRARY_PATH -x PATH --mca pml ob1 --mca btl_tcp_if_include eth0 --mca oob_tcp_if_include eth0 --mca orte_keep_fqdn_hostnames t --mca btl ^openib python /tensorflow/benchmarks/scripts/tf_cnn_benchmarks/tf_cnn_benchmarks.py --model=vgg16 --batch_size=64 --variable_update=horovod"

2. Submit a training job that has topology-aware GPU scheduling enabled.

   You must add a label to the node on which you want to run the job. In this example, the cn-beijing.192.168.XX.XX node is used. Replace the node with the actual node that is used.

   kubectl label node cn-beijing.192.168.XX.XX ack.node.gpu.schedule=topology --overwrite

   Run the following command to submit a training job that is configured with --gputopology=true, which is used to enable topology-aware GPU scheduling.

   arena submit mpi \
     --name=tensorflow-topo-4-vgg16 \
     --gpus=1 \
     --workers=4 \
     --gputopology=true \
     --image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes-image-hub/tensorflow-benchmark:tf2.3.0-py3.7-cuda10.1 \
     "mpirun --allow-run-as-root -np "4" -bind-to none -map-by slot -x NCCL_DEBUG=INFO -x NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eth0 -x LD_LIBRARY_PATH -x PATH --mca pml ob1 --mca btl_tcp_if_include eth0 --mca oob_tcp_if_include eth0 --mca orte_keep_fqdn_hostnames t --mca btl ^openib python /tensorflow/benchmarks/scripts/tf_cnn_benchmarks/tf_cnn_benchmarks.py --model=vgg16 --batch_size=64 --variable_update=horovod

3. Compare the time that is required to complete the training jobs.

   1. Run the following command to compare the time that is required to complete the two training jobs:

      arena list -n demo-ns

      Expected output:

      NAME                             STATUS     TRAINER  DURATION  GPU(Requested)  GPU(Allocated)  NODE
      tensorflow-topo-4-vgg16          SUCCEEDED  MPIJOB   44s       4               N/A             192.168.4.XX1
      tensorflow-4-vgg16-image-warned  SUCCEEDED  MPIJOB   2m        4               N/A             192.168.4.XX0

   2. Run the following command to query the total GPU processing time of the training job that has topology-aware GPU scheduling disabled:

      arena logs tensorflow-topo-4-vgg16 -n demo-ns

      Expected output:

      100 images/sec: 251.7 +/- 0.1 (jitter = 1.2)  7.262
      ----------------------------------------------------------------
      total images/sec: 1006.44

   3. Run the following command to query the total GPU processing time of the training job that has topology-aware GPU scheduling enabled:

      arena logs tensorflow-4-vgg16-image-warned -n demo-ns

      Expected output:

      100 images/sec: +/- 0.2 (jitter = 1.5)  7.261
      ----------------------------------------------------------------
      total images/sec: 225.50

kubectl label node cn-beijing.192.168.XX.XX0 ack.node.gpu.schedule=default --overwrite

Step 5: Manage the model

1. Log on to AI Developer Console
   
2. In the left-side navigation pane of AI Developer Console, click Model Manage.

3. On the Model Manage page, click Create Model.

4. In the Create dialog box, set Model Name, Model Version, and Job Name.

   In this example, Model Name is set to fsahion-mnist-demo, Model Version is set to v1, and Job Name is set to tf-single.

5. Click OK. The model appears on the page.

   

   If you want to evaluate the model, click New Model Evaluate in the Operation column.

Step 6: Evaluate the model

1. Submit a training job that exports a checkpoint.

   Run the following command to use Arena to submit a training job that exports a checkpoint to fashion-demo-pvc:

   arena \
     submit \
     tfjob \
     -n demo-ns \ # You can change the namespace based on your business requirements. 
     --name=fashion-mnist-arena-ckpt \
     --data=fashion-demo-pvc:/root/data/ \
     --env=DATASET_PATH=/root/data/ \
     --env=MODEL_PATH=/root/data/saved_model \
     --env=MODEL_VERSION=1 \
     --env=GIT_SYNC_USERNAME=${GIT_USERNAME} \ # The username of your Git repository. 
     --env=GIT_SYNC_PASSWORD=${GIT_PASSWORD} \ # The password of your Git repository. 
     --env=OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT=1 \
     --sync-mode=git \
     --sync-source=https://codeup.aliyun.com/60b4cf5c66bba1c04b442e49/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample.git \
     --image="tensorflow/tensorflow:2.2.2-gpu" \
     "python /root/code/tensorflow-fashion-mnist-sample/train.py --log_dir=/training_logs"

2. Submit an evaluation job.

   1. Build an image that is used to deploy the job.

      Obtain the code for model evaluation. Run the following commands in the kubeai-sdk directory to create and push an image:

      docker build . -t ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}:fashion-mnist
      docker push ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}:fashion-mnist

   2. Run the following command to query the Service that provides access to MySQL:

      kubectl get svc -n kube-ai ack-mysql

      Expected output:

      NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
      ack-mysql   ClusterIP   172.16.XX.XX    <none>        3306/TCP   28h

   3. Run the following command to submit an evaluation job by using Arena:

      arena evaluate model \
       --namespace=demo-ns \
       --loglevel=debug \
       --name=evaluate-job \
       --image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kube-ai/kubeai-sdk-demo:fashion-minist \
       --env=ENABLE_MYSQL=True \
       --env=MYSQL_HOST=172.16.77.227 \
       --env=MYSQL_PORT=3306 \
       --env=MYSQL_USERNAME=kubeai \
       --env=MYSQL_PASSWORD=kubeai@ACK \
       --data=fashion-demo-pvc:/data \
       --model-name=1 \
       --model-path=/data/saved_model/ \
       --dataset-path=/data/ \
       --metrics-path=/data/output \
       "python /kubeai/evaluate.py"

      Note

      You can obtain the IP address and port from the output in the previous step to access MySQL.

3. Compare evaluation results.

   1. In the left-side navigation pane of AI Developer Console, click Model Manage.

      

   2. In the Job List section, you can click the name of an evaluation job to view the metrics.

      

      You can also compare the metrics of different evaluation jobs.

Step 7: Deploy the model as a service

After a model is developed and evaluated, you can deploy the model as a service. The following steps describe how to deploy the preceding model as an inference service named tf-serving. Arena supports various service architectures, such as Triton and Seldon. For more information, see Arena serve guide.

In this example, the model that is trained in Step 4: Train a model is used. The model is stored in the fashion-minist-demo PVC that is used in Step 2: Create a dataset. If you want to store the model to other types of storage, you must first create a PVC of the storage type that you want to use.

1. Run the following command to use Arena to deploy the TensorFlow model to TensorFlow Serving:

   arena serve tensorflow \
     --loglevel=debug \
     --namespace=demo-ns \
     --name=fashion-mnist \
     --model-name=1  \
     --gpus=1  \
     --image=tensorflow/serving:1.15.0-gpu \
     --data=fashion-demo-pvc:/data \
     --model-path=/data/saved_model/ \
     --version-policy=latest

2. Run the following command to query the name of the inference service that you deployed:

   arena serve list -n demo-ns

   Expected output:

   NAME           TYPE        VERSION       DESIRED  AVAILABLE  ADDRESS         PORTS                   GPU
   fashion-mnist  Tensorflow  202111031203  1        1          172.16.XX.XX    GRPC:8500,RESTFUL:8501  1

   You can use the IP address and ports in the ADDRESS and PORTS columns to send requests to the inference service from within the cluster.

3. Create a Jupyter notebook in Jupyter and use the notebook as a client to send HTTP requests to the tf-serving service.

   In this example, the Jupyter notebook created in Step 3: Develop a model is used.

   • Specify 172.16.XX.XX as the value of the server_ip field in the code that is used to initialize the notebook. 172.16.XX.XX is returned in the ADDRESS column in the previous step.

   • Specify 8501 as the value of the server_http_port field in the code that is used to initialize the notebook. Port 8501 is returned in the PORTS column in the previous step and is used to call the RESTful API.

   Example:

   import os
   import gzip
   import numpy as np
   # import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
   import random
   import requests
   import json
   
   server_ip = "172.16.XX.XX"
   server_http_port = 8501
   
   dataset_dir = "/root/data/"
   
   def load_data():
           files = [
               'train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz',
               'train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz',
               't10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz',
               't10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'
           ]
   
           paths = []
           for fname in files:
               paths.append(os.path.join(dataset_dir, fname))
   
           with gzip.open(paths[0], 'rb') as labelpath:
               y_train = np.frombuffer(labelpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=8)
           with gzip.open(paths[1], 'rb') as imgpath:
               x_train = np.frombuffer(imgpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=16).reshape(len(y_train), 28, 28)
           with gzip.open(paths[2], 'rb') as labelpath:
               y_test = np.frombuffer(labelpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=8)
           with gzip.open(paths[3], 'rb') as imgpath:
               x_test = np.frombuffer(imgpath.read(), np.uint8, offset=16).reshape(len(y_test), 28, 28)
   
   
           return (x_train, y_train),(x_test, y_test)
   
   def show(idx, title):
     plt.figure()
     plt.imshow(test_images[idx].reshape(28,28))
     plt.axis('off')
     plt.title('\n\n{}'.format(title), fontdict={'size': 16})
   
   class_names = ['T-shirt/top', 'Trouser', 'Pullover', 'Dress', 'Coat',
                  'Sandal', 'Shirt', 'Sneaker', 'Bag', 'Ankle boot']
   
   (train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = load_data()
   train_images = train_images / 255.0
   test_images = test_images / 255.0
   
   # reshape for feeding into the model
   train_images = train_images.reshape(train_images.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)
   test_images = test_images.reshape(test_images.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)
   
   print('\ntrain_images.shape: {}, of {}'.format(train_images.shape, train_images.dtype))
   print('test_images.shape: {}, of {}'.format(test_images.shape, test_images.dtype))
   
   rando = random.randint(0,len(test_images)-1)
   #show(rando, 'An Example Image: {}'.format(class_names[test_labels[rando]]))
   
   # !pip install -q requests
   
   # import requests
   # headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
   # json_response = requests.post('http://localhost:8501/v1/models/fashion_model:predict', data=data, headers=headers)
   # predictions = json.loads(json_response.text)['predictions']
   
   # show(0, 'The model thought this was a {} (class {}), and it was actually a {} (class {})'.format(
   #   class_names[np.argmax(predictions[0])], np.argmax(predictions[0]), class_names[test_labels[0]], test_labels[0]))
   
   
   def request_model(data):
       headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
       json_response = requests.post('http://{}:{}/v1/models/1:predict'.format(server_ip, server_http_port), data=data, headers=headers)
       print('=======response:', json_response, json_response.text)
       predictions = json.loads(json_response.text)['predictions']
   
       print('The model thought this was a {} (class {}), and it was actually a {} (class {})'.format(class_names[np.argmax(predictions[0])], np.argmax(predictions[0]), class_names[test_labels[0]], test_labels[0]))
       #show(0, 'The model thought this was a {} (class {}), and it was actually a {} (class {})'.format(
       #  class_names[np.argmax(predictions[0])], np.argmax(predictions[0]), class_names[test_labels[0]], test_labels[0]))
   
   # def request_model_version(data):
   #     headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
   #     json_response = requests.post('http://{}:{}/v1/models/1/version/1:predict'.format(server_ip, server_http_port), data=data, headers=headers)
   #     print('=======response:', json_response, json_response.text)
   
   #     predictions = json.loads(json_response.text)
   #     for i in range(0,3):
   #       show(i, 'The model thought this was a {} (class {}), and it was actually a {} (class {})'.format(
   #         class_names[np.argmax(predictions[i])], np.argmax(predictions[i]), class_names[test_labels[i]], test_labels[i]))
   
   data = json.dumps({"signature_name": "serving_default", "instances": test_images[0:3].tolist()})
   print('Data: {} ... {}'.format(data[:50], data[len(data)-52:]))
   #request_model_version(data)
   request_model(data)

   Click the icon on the notebook. The following output is returned:

   train_images.shape: (60000, 28, 28, 1), of float64
   test_images.shape: (10000, 28, 28, 1), of float64
   Data: {"signature_name": "serving_default", "instances": ...  [0.0], [0.0], [0.0], [0.0], [0.0], [0.0], [0.0]]]]}
   =======response: <Response [200]> {
       "predictions": [[7.42696e-07, 6.91237556e-09, 2.66364452e-07, 2.27735413e-07, 4.0373439e-07, 0.00490919966, 7.27086217e-06, 0.0316713452, 0.0010733594, 0.962337255], [0.00685342, 1.8516447e-08, 0.9266119, 2.42278338e-06, 0.0603800081, 4.01338771e-12, 0.00613868702, 4.26091073e-15, 1.35764185e-05, 3.38685469e-10], [1.09047969e-05, 0.999816835, 7.98738e-09, 0.000122893631, 4.85748023e-05, 1.50353979e-10, 3.57102294e-07, 1.89657579e-09, 4.4604468e-07, 9.23274524e-09]
       ]
   }
   The model thought this was a Ankle boot (class 9), and it was actually a Ankle boot (class 9)

FAQ

• How do I install commonly used software in the Jupyter notebook console?

  To install commonly used software in the Jupyter notebook console, run the following command:

  apt-get install ${Software name}

• How do I fix the garbled character issue in the Jupyter notebook console?

  Modify the /etc/locale file based on the following content and then reopen the terminal.

  LC_CTYPE="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_NUMERIC="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_TIME="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_COLLATE="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_MONETARY="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_MESSAGES="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_PAPER="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_NAME="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_ADDRESS="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_TELEPHONE="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_MEASUREMENT="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_IDENTIFICATION="da_DK.UTF-8"
  LC_ALL=