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Community Blog Problems and Suggestions on Persistence Layer in Java Servers

Problems and Suggestions on Persistence Layer in Java Servers

In this article, we will introduce the problems and recommended solution for persistence layer code when it is written in the service class in Java servers.

In Java servers, persistence layer is also known as the repository layer. This layer is responsible for data persistence and is used by the business layer to access the cache and database.

In terms of functionality, it is fine to write the persistence layer code in the service class. This is why many users are happy to accept this coding method. But we may meet some problems in this way.

Main Problems

  1. The business layer and persistence layer are mixed, which does not comply with the three-tier architecture specifications of the SpringMVC server.
  2. Statements and primary keys are assembled in the business logic, which increases the complexity of the business logic.
  3. Third-party middleware is directly used in the business logic, which makes it difficult to replace the third-party persistence middleware.
  4. The persistence layer code of the same object is scattered in various business logics, which is contrary to the principle of object-oriented programming.
  5. If this coding method is used to write the unit test cases, the persistence layer interface functions cannot be directly tested.

The following is a recommended solution which takes the direct query of the database persistence middleware Hibernate as an example.

/** User DAO CLass */
@Repository
public class UserDAO {
     /** Session factory */
    @Autowired
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    
    /** Get user function based on job number */
    public UserDO getUserByEmpId(String empId) {
        // Assemble HQLstatement
        String hql = "from t_user where emp_id = '" + empId + "'";
        
        // Perform database query
        Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
        List<UserDO> userList = query.list();
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(userList)) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // Return user information
        return userList.get(0);
    }
}

/** User Service Class */
@Service
public class UserService {
    /** User DAO */
    @Autowired
    private UserDAO userDAO;

    /** Get user function based on job number */
    public UserVO getUserByEmpId(String empId) {
        // Query user based on job number
        UserDO userDO = userDAO.getUserByEmpId(empId);
        if (Objects.isNull(userDO)) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // Convert and return user
        UserVO userVO = new UserVO();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(userDO, userVO);
        return userVO;
    }
}

For other chaos and solutions for Java servers, you can go to Let's Talk about Some of the Chaos You'll Find on Java Servers in Startups.

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