Alibaba Cloud Service Mesh：Configure sidecar proxies

Descriptions of the configuration items

These configuration items are used to configure the minimum CPU and memory resources that a sidecar proxy container needs to use at runtime and the maximum CPU and memory resources that a sidecar proxy container can apply for.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Resource Settings.

2. (Optional) In the Resource Settings section, select Configure Resources for Injected Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. In the Resource Limits section, set CPU to 2 cores and Memory to 1025 MiB. In the Required Resources section, set CPU to 0.1 cores and Memory to 128 MiB. Then, click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configured resources of the sidecar proxy:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
           - proxy
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
   ...
         resources:
           limits:
             cpu: '2'
             memory: 1025Mi
           requests:
             cpu: 100m
             memory: 128Mi
   ...

   The istio-proxy container indicates a sidecar proxy container. The resources field of the istio-proxy container in the pod is set to the expected resource values. This indicates that the configurations of Configure Resources for Injected Sidecar Proxy take effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

These configuration items are used to configure the minimum CPU and memory resources that the istio-init container in the pod into which the sidecar proxy is injected needs to use at runtime, and the maximum CPU and memory resources that the istio-init container can apply for. The istio-init container is an initialization container that is executed when the pod into which a sidecar proxy is injected is started. This container is used to set up traffic routing rules for the sidecar proxy container.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Resource Settings.

2. (Optional) In the Resource Settings section, select Configure Resources for istio-init Container.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. In the Resource Limits section, set CPU to 1 core and Memory to 512 MiB. In the Required Resources section, set CPU to 0.1 cores and Memory to 128 MiB. Then, click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the resource configurations of the istio-init container:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
   ...
         name: istio-init
         resources:
           limits:
             cpu: '1'
             memory: 512Mi
           requests:
             cpu: 100m
             memory: 128Mi
   ...

   The resources field of the istio-init container in the pod is set to the expected resource values. This indicates that the configurations of Configure Resources for istio-init Container take effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

These configuration items are used to configure the ACK resources that can be dynamically overcommitted for the injected sidecar proxy and the istio-init container. For more information about resources that can be dynamically overcommitted, see Dynamic resource overcommitment.

The configuration items are configured in the same way as those of Configure Resources for Injected Sidecar Proxy and Configure Resources for istio-init Container. After the preceding configurations are complete, resources that can be dynamically overcommitted, instead of regular CPU and memory resources, are allocated to the sidecar proxy and istio-init containers in a pod if the pod has the koordinator.sh/qosClass label. This label indicates that dynamic overcommitment of ACK resources is enabled.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Resource Settings. Select Set ACK Resources That Can Be Dynamically Overcommitted for Sidecar Proxy, configure the related parameters, and then click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

   Configuration item	Child configuration item	Description
   Configure Resources for Injected Sidecar Proxy (ACK Dynamically Overcommitted Resources)	Resource Limits	For this example, set CPU to 2000 millicores and Memory to 2048 MiB.
   	Required Resources	For this example, set CPU to 200 millicores and Memory to 256 MiB.
   istio-init container resource (ACK dynamic oversold resource)	Resource Limits	For this example, set CPU to 1000 millicores and Memory to 1024 MiB.
   	Required Resources	For this example, set CPU to 100 millicores and Memory to 128 MiB.

2. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

3. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

4. Run the following command to view the resource configurations of the istio-init container:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   metadata:
   ...
     labels:
       koordinator.sh/qosClass: BE
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
   ...
         resources:
           limits:
             kubernetes.io/batch-cpu: 2k
             kubernetes.io/batch-memory: 2Gi
           requests:
             kubernetes.io/batch-cpu: '200'
             kubernetes.io/batch-memory: 256Mi
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
   ...
         name: istio-init
         resources:
           limits:
             kubernetes.io/batch-cpu: 1k
             kubernetes.io/batch-memory: 1Gi
           requests:
             kubernetes.io/batch-cpu: '100'
             kubernetes.io/batch-memory: 128Mi
   ...

   Both the istio-proxy container (sidecar proxy container) and the istio-init container in the pod contain the resources field and have the configured resource values. This indicates that the configurations of Set ACK Resources That Can Be Dynamically Overcommitted for Sidecar Proxy take effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

This configuration item is used to configure the number of worker threads that run in the sidecar proxy container. You must configure a non-negative integer to indicate the number of threads in the sidecar proxy container. If this parameter is set to 0, the number of worker threads is automatically selected based on the required CPU resources or the CPU resource limit configured for the sidecar proxy (the resource limit takes precedence over the required resources).

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Resource Settings.

2. (Optional) In the Resource Settings section, select Number of Sidecar Proxy Threads.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Number of Sidecar Proxy Threads to 3 and click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy container will start three worker threads when it is running.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Number of Sidecar Proxy Threads:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
       - args:
           - proxy
           - sidecar
           - '--domain'
           - $(POD_NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local
           - '--proxyLogLevel=warning'
           - '--proxyComponentLogLevel=misc:error'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
           - '--concurrency'
           - '3'
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
   ...

   The concurrency parameter of the istio-proxy container is set to 3. This indicates that the configuration of Number of Sidecar Proxy Threads takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

You need to configure a list of IP address ranges that are separated by commas (,). Each IP address range uses the CIDR format. When a workload into which a sidecar proxy is injected accesses other services, only the requests whose destination IP addresses are in one of the configured address ranges are redirected to the sidecar proxy container. Other requests are directly sent to the destinations without being redirected to the sidecar proxy container. The default value of this configuration item is *, which indicates that all outbound traffic of the workload is redirected to the sidecar proxy container.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses.

2. (Optional) In the Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses section, select Addresses to Which External Access Is Redirected to Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Addresses to Which External Access Is Redirected to Sidecar Proxy to 192.168.0.0/16,10.1.0.0/24 and click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy container will intercept requests whose destination IP addresses are within the 192.168.0.0/16 and 10.1.0.0/24 CIDR blocks.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Addresses to Which External Access Is Redirected to Sidecar Proxy:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
           - istio-iptables
           - '-p'
           - '15001'
           - '-z'
           - '15006'
           - '-u'
           - '1337'
           - '-m'
           - REDIRECT
           - '-i'
           - '192.168.0.0/16,10.1.0.0/24'
           - '-x'
           - 192.168.0.1/32
           - '-b'
           - '*'
           - '-d'
           - '15090,15021,15081,9191,15020'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
   ...
         name: istio-init
   ...

   The runtime parameter -i of the istio-init container is set to 192.168.0.0/16,10.1.0.0/24. This indicates that the configuration of Addresses to Which External Access Is Redirected to Sidecar Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses.

2. (Optional) In the Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses section, select Addresses to Which External Access Is Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Addresses to Which External Access Is Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy to 10.1.0.0/24 and click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy container will not intercept the requests whose destination IP addresses are within the 10.1.0.0/24 CIDR block.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Addresses to Which External Access Is Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
           - istio-iptables
           - '-p'
           - '15001'
           - '-z'
           - '15006'
           - '-u'
           - '1337'
           - '-m'
           - REDIRECT
           - '-i'
           - '*'
           - '-x'
           - '192.168.0.1/32,10.1.0.0/24'
           - '-b'
           - '*'
           - '-d'
           - '15090,15021,15081,9191,15020'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
   ...
         name: istio-init
   ...

   The runtime parameter -x of the istio-init container is set to 192.168.0.1/32,10.1.0.0/24. 192.168.0.1/32 is the CIDR block of hosts configured by default. 10.1.0.0/24 is the same as the IP address range specified in the sidecar proxy configuration. This indicates that the configuration of Addresses to Which External Access Is Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

You need to configure a list of port numbers that are separated by commas (,). The sidecar proxy container intercepts inbound traffic whose destination ports are in the list. The default value is *, which indicates that the sidecar proxy container intercepts all inbound traffic of the workload.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses.

2. (Optional) In the Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses section, select Ports on Which Inbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Ports on Which Inbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy to 80,443 and click Update Settings.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy container will only intercept requests destined for ports 80 and 443 of the corresponding workload.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configured ports on which inbound traffic is redirected to the sidecar proxy container:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
           - istio-iptables
           - '-p'
           - '15001'
           - '-z'
           - '15006'
           - '-u'
           - '1337'
           - '-m'
           - REDIRECT
           - '-i'
           - '*'
           - '-x'
           - 192.168.0.1/32
           - '-b'
           - '80,443'
           - '-d'
           - '15090,15021,15081,9191,15020'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
   ...
         name: istio-init
   ...
                               

   The runtime parameter -b of the istio-init container is set to 80,443, which is the same as the inbound ports set in the sidecar proxy configuration. This indicates that the configuration of Ports on Which Inbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses.

2. (Optional) In the Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses section, select Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy to 80,443 and click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy container intercepts requests destined for ports 80 and 443.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
           - istio-iptables
           - '-p'
           - '15001'
           - '-z'
           - '15006'
           - '-u'
           - '1337'
           - '-m'
           - REDIRECT
           - '-i'
           - '*'
           - '-x'
           - 192.168.0.1/32
           - '-b'
           - '*'
           - '-d'
           - '15090,15021,15081,9191,15020'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
           - '-q'
           - '80,443'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
   ...
         name: istio-init
   ...
                               

   The runtime parameter -q of the istio-init container is set to 80,443, which is the same as the outbound ports set in the sidecar proxy configuration. This indicates that the configuration of Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses.

2. (Optional) In the Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses section, select Ports on Which Inbound Traffic Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Ports on Which Inbound Traffic Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy to 8000, and then click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy container no longer intercepts requests destined for port 8000 of the workload.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Ports on Which Inbound Traffic Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
           - istio-iptables
           - '-p'
           - '15001'
           - '-z'
           - '15006'
           - '-u'
           - '1337'
           - '-m'
           - REDIRECT
           - '-i'
           - '*'
           - '-x'
           - 192.168.0.1/32
           - '-b'
           - '*'
           - '-d'
           - '15090,15021,15081,9191,15020,8000'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
   ...
         name: istio-init
   ...
                               

   The runtime parameter -d of the istio-init container is set to 15090,15021,15081,9191,8000. Ports 15090, 15021, 15081, and 9191 are application ports of the sidecar proxy. By default, the sidecar proxy container does not intercept inbound traffic destined for these ports. Port 8000 is the same as the inbound port set in the sidecar proxy configuration. This indicates that the configuration of Ports on Which Inbound Traffic Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

You need to configure a list of destination service ports for outbound traffic. They are separated by commas (,). The sidecar proxy container does not intercept requests destined for the service ports in the list, regardless of whether the IP addresses of the destination services are in Addresses to Which External Access Is Redirected to Sidecar Proxy and whether the ports of the destination services are in Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Redirected to Sidecar Proxy.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses.

2. (Optional) In the Enable/Disable Sidecar Proxy by Ports or IP Addresses section, select Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy to 8000, and then click Update Settings in the lower part of the page.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy container no longer intercepts service requests destined for port 8000.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configured ports for which outbound traffic is not redirected to the sidecar proxy container:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
           - istio-iptables
           - '-p'
           - '15001'
           - '-z'
           - '15006'
           - '-u'
           - '1337'
           - '-m'
           - REDIRECT
           - '-i'
           - '*'
           - '-x'
           - 192.168.0.1/32
           - '-b'
           - '*'
           - '-d'
           - '15090,15021,15081,9191,15020'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
           - '-o'
           - '8000'
   ...
         name: istio-init
   ...
                               

   The runtime parameter -o of the istio-init container is set to 8000, which is the same as the port set in the configuration item Ports on Which Outbound Traffic Not Redirected to Sidecar Proxy. This indicates that the configuration item takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

You can choose to enable or disable the DNS proxy feature for the sidecar proxy container. After the DNS proxy feature is enabled, the sidecar proxy container intercepts DNS requests of the workload to improve the performance and availability of ASM.Service Mesh All requests from the workload are redirected to the sidecar proxy container. The sidecar proxy container stores mappings between IP addresses and local domain names. Therefore, the sidecar proxy container can directly return DNS responses to the workload to avoid sending requests to a remote DNS service. If a DNS request cannot be processed by the sidecar proxy container, the sidecar proxy container directly forwards the DNS request to the DNS service in the Kubernetes cluster. For more information, see Use the DNS proxy feature in an ASM instance.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click DNS Proxy.

2. (Optional) In the DNS Proxy section, select Enable DNS Proxy, turn on the switch on the right side, and then click Update Settings.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab. If you turn on the switch, the DNS proxy feature is enabled for the sidecar proxy.

3. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

4. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

5. Run the following command to view the configuration of the DNS proxy feature:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
           - proxy
           - sidecar
           - '--domain'
           - $(POD_NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local
           - '--proxyLogLevel=warning'
           - '--proxyComponentLogLevel=misc:error'
           - '--log_output_level=default:info'
           - '--concurrency'
           - '3'
         env:
   ...
           - name: ISTIO_META_DNS_AUTO_ALLOCATE
             value: 'true'
           - name: ISTIO_META_DNS_CAPTURE
             value: 'true'
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
                               

   The ISTIO_META_DNS_AUTO_ALLOCATE and ISTIO_META_DNS_CAPTURE environment variables of the istio-proxy container are set to true, which indicates that the configuration of DNS Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

These configuration items are used to add additional environment variables in the sidecar proxy container. You can configure the following environment variables for the sidecar proxy.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Manage Environment Variables for Sidecar Proxy.

2. (Optional) In the Manage Environment Variables for Sidecar Proxy section, select Sidecar Graceful Shutdown (EXIT_ON_ZERO_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS).

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Turn on the switch on the right side of Sidecar Graceful Shutdown (EXIT_ON_ZERO_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS), and then click Update Settings.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Manage Environment Variables for Sidecar Proxy:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
   ...
         env:
           - name: EXIT_ON_ZERO_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS
             value: 'true'
         name: istio-proxy
   ...

   The EXIT_ON_ZERO_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS environment variable is added to the environment variables of the istio-proxy container in the pod. This indicates that the configuration of Manage Environment Variables for Sidecar Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

Sidecar Graceful Startup (HoldApplicationUntilProxyStarts) is a configuration item that is used to manage the lifecycle of sidecar proxies. By default, this configuration item is enabled. This indicates that in a pod that is injected with a sidecar proxy, the sidecar proxy container is ready before the application containers in the pod are started. The purpose is to ensure that the traffic destined for the application containers is not lost in the case that the sidecar proxy is not started.

If this configuration item is disabled, the sidecar proxy container and the application containers in the pod can be started in parallel. When a large number of pods are deployed in a cluster, the sidecar proxy containers may be started slowly due to the heavy load on the API server. You can disable this configuration item to speed up deployment.

Configuration example

The following example describes how to disable Sidecar Graceful Startup (HoldApplicationUntilProxyStarts) on the global tab.

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click the global tab, and then click Lifecycle Management.

2. Turn off the switch next to Sidecar Graceful Startup (HoldApplicationUntilProxyStarts) and click Update Settings.

   This configuration indicates that Sidecar Graceful Startup (HoldApplicationUntilProxyStarts) is disabled.

3. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

4. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

5. Run the following command to view the configuration of Sidecar Graceful Startup (HoldApplicationUntilProxyStarts):

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - command:
   ...
         name: sleep
   ...
         env:
           - name: PROXY_CONFIG
             value: >-
               {..."holdApplicationUntilProxyStarts":false,...}
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
   ...

   After the Sidecar Graceful Startup (holdApplicationUntilProxyStarts) feature is disabled, the istio-proxy container is not required to start before application containers are started, and the default lifecycle field is not declared. In this case, ASM does not ensure that application containers are started after the sidecar proxy container is successfully started.Service Mesh

Descriptions of the configuration items

Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination is a configuration item for managing the lifecycle of a sidecar proxy. After a sidecar proxy is injected into a pod, the traffic of the pod is intercepted by the sidecar proxy container.

After the pod starts stopping, the corresponding Services no longer route traffic to the pod. The sidecar proxy container waits for a period of time after receiving an exit signal. During this period, the sidecar proxy container does not accept new inbound traffic but continue to process the existing inbound traffic (outbound traffic is not affected and can be initiated normally). This period of time is called Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination. The default value of Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination is 5s. You can specify a value for this configuration item in the unit of seconds (s), for example, 10s.

If the duration of API operation calls provided by a Service in a pod to be stopped exceeds Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination, all existing inbound and outbound connections will be terminated even if they are not processed. As a result, some requests are lost. In this case, you can configure this configuration item to a greater value so that the processing of inbound and outbound traffic can be completed.

This configuration item must be set to a value in seconds, for example, 10s.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Lifecycle Management.

2. (Optional) In the Lifecycle Management section, select Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Set Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination to 10s, and click Update Settings.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy will wait for 10s to process existing connections before termination.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
   ...
         env:
           - name: TERMINATION_DRAIN_DURATION_SECONDS
             value: '10'
   ...
           - name: PROXY_CONFIG
             value: >-
               {..."terminationDrainDuration":"10s"}
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
   ...

   The istio-proxy container in the pod is configured with an environment variable named TERMINATION_DRAIN_DURATION_SECONDS with the value of 10, and terminationDrainDuration is 10s in the PROXY_CONFIG environment variable. This indicates that the configuration of Sidecar Proxy Drain Duration at Pod Termination takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

This configuration item allows you to customize the lifecycle hook of the sidecar proxy container. In this configuration item, you need to enter the container lifecycle hook field (lifecycle) declared in the JSON format. This field will replace the default container lifecycle hook field configured for the sidecar proxy container. For more information, see Container Lifecycle Hooks.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Lifecycle Management.

2. (Optional) In the Lifecycle Management section, select Lifecycle of Sidecar Proxy.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. In the edit box under Lifecycle of Sidecar Proxy, configure the following YAML file and then click Update Settings.

   This YAML file configures the postStart and preStop hook parameters.

   • postStart: indicates that the pilot-agent starts to wait for the complete startup of the pilot-agent and Envoy proxy after the sidecar proxy container is started.

   • preStop: indicates that the sidecar proxy container sleeps for 13s before it is stopped.

   {
     "postStart": {
       "exec": {
         "command": [
           "pilot-agent",
           "wait"
         ]
       }
     },
     "preStop": {
       "exec": {
         "command": [
           "/bin/sh",
           "-c",
           "sleep 13"
         ]
       }
     }
   }

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Lifecycle of Sidecar Proxy:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
   ...
   ...
           lifecycle:
           postStart:
             exec:
               command:
               - pilot-agent
               - wait
           preStop:
             exec:
               command:
               - /bin/sh
               - -c
               - sleep 13
         name: istio-proxy
   ...

   The lifecycle hook field (lifecycle) of the istio-proxy container in the pod is changed to the expected configuration. This indicates that the configuration of Lifecycle of Sidecar Proxy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

This configuration item is used to configure an outbound traffic policy for the sidecar proxy container. External services indicate services that are not defined in the service registry of ASM.Service Mesh By default, services in the Kubernetes clusters that are managed by ASM are registered services.Service Mesh You can manually register services with ASM by declaring service entry (ServiceEntry) resources. Services that are not registered are external services.Service Mesh

Configuration example

1. On the global tab of the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click Outbound Traffic Policy, click REGISTRY_ONLY next to Outbound Traffic Policy, and then click Update Settings.

   This configuration indicates that services in ASM are restricted from accessing external services.

2. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

3. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

4. Create a sleep.yaml file that contains the following content:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: ServiceAccount
   metadata:
     name: sleep
   ---
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Service
   metadata:
     name: sleep
     labels:
       app: sleep
       service: sleep
   spec:
     ports:
     - port: 80
       name: http
     selector:
       app: sleep
   ---
   apiVersion: apps/v1
   kind: Deployment
   metadata:
     name: sleep
   spec:
     replicas: 1
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         app: sleep
     template:
       metadata:
         labels:
           app: sleep
       spec:
         terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
         serviceAccountName: sleep
         containers:
         - name: sleep
           image: curlimages/curl
           command: ["/bin/sleep", "3650d"]
           imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
           volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /etc/sleep/tls
             name: secret-volume
         volumes:
         - name: secret-volume
           secret:
             secretName: sleep-secret
             optional: true
   ---

5. Run the following command to deploy the sleep application:

   kubectl apply -f sleep.yaml -n default

6. Run the following command to use the sleep application to access external services:

   kubectl exec -it {Name of the pod for the sleep service} -c sleep -- curl www.aliyun.com -v

   Expected output:

   *   Trying *********...
   * Connected to www.aliyun.com (********) port 80 (#0)
   > GET / HTTP/1.1
   > Host: www.aliyun.com
   > User-Agent: curl/7.87.0-DEV
   > Accept: */*
   >
   * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
   < HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway
   < date: Mon,********* 03:25:00 GMT
   < server: envoy
   < content-length: 0
   <
   * Connection #0 to host www.aliyun.com left intact

   The HTTP status code 502 is returned, indicating that the sleep application for which the sidecar proxy is injected cannot access the external service www.aliyun.com. This indicates that the configuration of Outbound Traffic Policy takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

This configuration item is used to configure a policy for the sidecar proxy container to intercept inbound traffic. By default, the sidecar proxy container uses the iptables redirection policy to intercept inbound traffic destined for the corresponding application. After the sidecar proxy container intercepts inbound traffic, the application can obtain only the IP address of the sidecar proxy, not the original IP addresses of the clients.

After you set the Sidecar Traffic Interception Mode configuration item to TPROXY, ASM allows the sidecar proxy container to use the transparent proxy mode of iptables to intercept inbound traffic.Service Mesh With this configuration, the application can obtain the original IP addresses of the clients. For more information, see Preserve the source IP address of a client when the client accesses services in ASM.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Sidecar Traffic Interception Mode.

2. (Optional) In the Sidecar Traffic Interception Mode section, select Sidecar Traffic Interception Mode.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. On the right side of Sidecar Traffic Interception Mode, click TPROXY, and then click Update Settings.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Sidecar Traffic Interception Mode:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
   ...
           - name: PROXY_CONFIG
             value: >-
               {..."interceptionMode":"TPROXY",...}
           - name: ISTIO_META_POD_PORTS
             value: |-
               [
               ]
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
   ...
     initContainers:
       - args:
           - istio-iptables
           - '-p'
           - '15001'
           - '-z'
           - '15006'
           - '-u'
           - '1337'
           - '-m'
           - TPROXY
   ...
         name: istio-init
   ...

   The "interceptionMode":"TPROXY" information is recorded in the environment variable of the istio-proxy container in the pod. The istio-init container also uses the TPROXY setting to run the initialization commands during initialization. This indicates that the configuration of Sidecar Traffic Interception Mode takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

This configuration item is used to set the log level of the sidecar proxy container. By default, the log level of the sidecar proxy is info. You can change the log level of a sidecar proxy to one of the seven levels: info, debug, trace, warning, error, critical, and off. This way, you can obtain more or less logs from the sidecar proxy.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Monitoring Statistics.

2. (Optional) In the Monitoring Statistics section, select Log Level.

   You need to perform this step on the Namespace and workload tabs. You do not need to perform this step on the global tab.

3. Select error from the Log Level drop-down list, and then click Update Settings.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy provides logs at the error or higher levels.

4. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

5. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

6. Run the following command to view the configuration of Log Level:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
           - proxy
           - sidecar
           - '--domain'
           - $(POD_NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local
           - '--proxyLogLevel=error'
   ...
         name: istio-proxy
   ...

   The runtime parameter --proxyLogLevel of the istio-proxy container is set to error, which indicates that the configuration of Log Level takes effect.

Descriptions of the configuration items

This configuration item is used to define custom Envoy statistics that are reported by the sidecar proxy. Envoy is a technical implementation of a sidecar proxy and can collect and report a series of metrics. By default, ASM enables the collection and exposure of only some metrics to mitigate the performance degradation of the sidecar proxy.Service Mesh In this configuration item, you can use prefix matching, suffix matching, or regular expression matching to specify the metrics to be reported by the sidecar proxy.

Configuration example

1. On the Sidecar Proxy Setting page, click a configuration level tab, and then click Monitoring Statistics.

2. In the Monitoring Statistics section, select proxyStatsMatcher and Regular Expression Match, and set Regular Expression Match to .*outlier_detection.*.

   This configuration indicates that the sidecar proxy collects the statistics of circuit breaker metrics.

3. Redeploy the workloads to make the sidecar proxy configurations take effect. For more information, see (Optional) Redeploy workloads.

4. Use kubectl to connect to the Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) cluster. For more information, see Obtain the kubeconfig file of a cluster and use kubectl to connect to the cluster.

5. Run the following command to view the configuration of proxyStatsMatcher:

   kubectl  get pod -n <Namespace> <Pod name>  -o yaml

   Expected output:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   ...
   spec:
     containers:
       - args:
    ...
           - name: PROXY_CONFIG
             value: >-
               {..."proxyStatsMatcher":{"inclusionRegexps":[".*outlier_detection.*"]},...}
   ...

   The custom metrics are updated in the environment variables of the istio-proxy container in the pod. This indicates that the configuration of proxyStatsMatcher takes effect.