通过Zipkin为应用埋点并上报链路数据至可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版后,可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版即可开始监控应用,您可以查看应用拓扑、调用链路、异常事务、慢事务和SQL分析等一系列监控数据。本文介绍如何进行手动埋点,以及使用插件进行自动埋点。
为获得更丰富的功能、更先进的链路追踪能力,以及最佳使用体验,建议您使用OpenTelemetry协议将应用接入可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版。
我们为您提供了详细的OpenTelemetry接入指南和最佳实践,帮助您快速上手可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版。更多信息,请参见接入应用。
前提条件
背景信息
Zipkin是一款开源的分布式实时数据追踪系统(Distributed Tracking System),由Twitter公司开发和贡献。其主要功能是聚合来自各个异构系统的实时监控数据。
Zipkin已经开发多年,对各种框架的支持比较齐全,例如以下框架,完整信息请参考Zipkin官方文档。
Apache HttpClient
Dubbo
gRPC
JAX-RS 2.X
Jersey Server
JMS (Java Message Service)
Kafka
MySQL
Netty
OkHttp
Servlet
Spark
Spring Boot
Spring MVC
要通过Zipkin将Java应用数据上报至可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版控制台,首先需要完成埋点工作。您可以手动埋点,也可以利用各种现有插件实现埋点的目的。
手动埋点
如果选择手动埋点,您就需要自行编写代码。
如需获取Demo,请单击下载源码,进入manualDemo目录,并根据Readme运行程序。
添加依赖Jar包。
<dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId> <artifactId>brave</artifactId> <version>5.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId> <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId> <version>2.7.9</version> </dependency>
创建Tracer。
private static final String zipkinEndPoint = "<endpoint>"; ... // 构建数据发送对象。 OkHttpSender sender = OkHttpSender.newBuilder().endpoint(zipkinEndPoint).build(); // 构建数据上报对象。 Reporter<Span> reporter = AsyncReporter.builder(sender).build(); tracing = Tracing.newBuilder().localServiceName(localServiceName).spanReporter(reporter).build();
构建Span和Child Span。
private void firstBiz() { // 创建rootspan。 tracing.tracer().startScopedSpan("parentSpan"); Span span = tracing.tracer().currentSpan(); span.tag("key", "firstBiz"); secondBiz(); span.finish(); } private void secondBiz() { tracing.tracer().startScopedSpanWithParent("childSpan", tracing.tracer().currentSpan().context()); Span childSpan = tracing.tracer().currentSpan(); childSpan.tag("key", "secondBiz"); childSpan.finish(); System.out.println("end tracing,id:" + childSpan.context().traceIdString()); }
(可选)为了快速排查问题,您可以为某个记录添加一些自定义标签,例如记录是否发生错误、请求的返回值等。
tracer.activeSpan().setTag("http.status_code", "500");
在分布式系统中发送RPC请求时会带上Tracing数据,包括TraceId、ParentSpanId、SpanId、Sampled等。您可以在HTTP请求中使用Extract/Inject方法在HTTP Request Headers上透传数据。总体流程如下:
在客户端调用Inject方法传入Context信息。
// start a new span representing a client request oneWaySend = tracer.nextSpan().name(service + "/" + method).kind(CLIENT); --snip-- // Add the trace context to the request, so it can be propagated in-band tracing.propagation().injector(Request::addHeader) .inject(oneWaySend.context(), request); // fire off the request asynchronously, totally dropping any response request.execute(); // start the client side and flush instead of finish oneWaySend.start().flush();
在服务端调用Extract方法解析Context信息。
// pull the context out of the incoming request extractor = tracing.propagation().extractor(Request::getHeader); // convert that context to a span which you can name and add tags to oneWayReceive = nextSpan(tracer, extractor.extract(request)) .name("process-request") .kind(SERVER) ... add tags etc. // start the server side and flush instead of finish oneWayReceive.start().flush(); // you should not modify this span anymore as it is complete. However, // you can create children to represent follow-up work. next = tracer.newSpan(oneWayReceive.context()).name("step2").start();
通过Spring 2.5 MVC或Spring 3.0 MVC插件埋点
您可以选择通过Spring 2.5 MVC或Spring 3.0 MVC插件进行埋点。
如需获取Demo,请单击下载源码,进入springMvcDemo\webmvc3|webmvc25目录,并根据Readme运行程序。
在applicationContext.xml中配置Tracing对象。
<bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.OkHttpSenderFactoryBean"> <property name="endpoint" value="<endpoint>"/> </bean> <!-- allows us to read the service name from spring config --> <context:property-placeholder/> <bean class="brave.spring.beans.TracingFactoryBean"> <property name="localServiceName" value="brave-webmvc3-example"/> <property name="spanReporter"> <bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.AsyncReporterFactoryBean"> <property name="encoder" value="JSON_V2"/> <property name="sender" ref="sender"/> <!-- wait up to half a second for any in-flight spans on close --> <property name="closeTimeout" value="500"/> </bean> </property> <property name="propagationFactory"> <bean class="brave.propagation.ExtraFieldPropagation" factory-method="newFactory"> <constructor-arg index="0"> <util:constant static-field="brave.propagation.B3Propagation.FACTORY"/> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1"> <list> <value>user-name</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> </property> <property name="currentTraceContext"> <bean class="brave.spring.beans.CurrentTraceContextFactoryBean"> <property name="scopeDecorators"> <bean class="brave.context.log4j12.MDCScopeDecorator" factory-method="create"/> </property> </bean> </property> </bean> <bean class="brave.spring.beans.HttpTracingFactoryBean"> <property name="tracing" ref="tracing"/> </bean>
添加Interceptors对象。
<bean class="brave.httpclient.TracingHttpClientBuilder" factory-method="create"> <constructor-arg type="brave.http.HttpTracing" ref="httpTracing"/> </bean> <bean factory-bean="httpClientBuilder" factory-method="build"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"> <property name="interceptors"> <list> <bean class="brave.spring.webmvc.SpanCustomizingHandlerInterceptor"/> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- Loads the controller --> <context:component-scan base-package="brave.webmvc"/>
添加Filter对象。
<!-- Add the delegate to the standard tracing filter and map it to all paths --> <filter> <filter-name>tracingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>brave.spring.webmvc.DelegatingTracingFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>tracingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
通过Spring 4.0 MVC或Spring Boot插件埋点
您可以选择通过Spring 4.0 MVC或Spring Boot插件进行埋点。
如需获取Demo,请单击下载源码,进入springMvcDemo\webmvc4-boot|webmv4目录,并根据Readme运行程序。
配置Tracing和Filter。
/** Configuration for how to send spans to Zipkin */ @Bean Sender sender() { return OkHttpSender.create("<endpoint>"); } /** Configuration for how to buffer spans into messages for Zipkin */ @Bean AsyncReporter<Span> spanReporter() { return AsyncReporter.create(sender()); } /** Controls aspects of tracing such as the name that shows up in the UI */ @Bean Tracing tracing(@Value("${spring.application.name}") String serviceName) { return Tracing.newBuilder() .localServiceName(serviceName) .propagationFactory(ExtraFieldPropagation.newFactory(B3Propagation.FACTORY, "user-name")) .currentTraceContext(ThreadLocalCurrentTraceContext.newBuilder() .addScopeDecorator(MDCScopeDecorator.create()) // puts trace IDs into logs .build() ) .spanReporter(spanReporter()).build(); } /** decides how to name and tag spans. By default they are named the same as the http method. */ @Bean HttpTracing httpTracing(Tracing tracing) { return HttpTracing.create(tracing); } /** Creates client spans for http requests */ // We are using a BPP as the Frontend supplies a RestTemplate bean prior to this configuration @Bean BeanPostProcessor connectionFactoryDecorator(final BeanFactory beanFactory) { return new BeanPostProcessor() { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) { return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) { if (!(bean instanceof RestTemplate)) return bean; RestTemplate restTemplate = (RestTemplate) bean; List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(restTemplate.getInterceptors()); interceptors.add(0, getTracingInterceptor()); restTemplate.setInterceptors(interceptors); return bean; } // Lazy lookup so that the BPP doesn't end up needing to proxy anything. ClientHttpRequestInterceptor getTracingInterceptor() { return TracingClientHttpRequestInterceptor.create(beanFactory.getBean(HttpTracing.class)); } }; } /** Creates server spans for http requests */ @Bean Filter tracingFilter(HttpTracing httpTracing) { return TracingFilter.create(httpTracing); } @Autowired SpanCustomizingAsyncHandlerInterceptor webMvcTracingCustomizer; /** Decorates server spans with application-defined web tags */ @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(webMvcTracingCustomizer); }
配置autoconfigure(spring.factories)。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ brave.webmvc.TracingConfiguration
通过Dubbo插件埋点
您可以选择通过Dubbo插件进行埋点。
如需获取Demo,请单击下载源码,进入dubboDemo目录,并根据Readme运行程序。
添加依赖Jar包。
<dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId> <artifactId>brave-instrumentation-dubbo-rpc</artifactId> <version>5.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId> <artifactId>brave-spring-beans</artifactId> <version>5.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId> <artifactId>brave-context-slf4j</artifactId> <version>5.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId> <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId> <version>2.7.9</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId> <artifactId>brave</artifactId> <version>5.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId> <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId> <version>2.7.9</version> </dependency>
配置Tracing对象。
<bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.OkHttpSenderFactoryBean"> <property name="endpoint" value="<endpoint>"/> </bean> <bean class="brave.spring.beans.TracingFactoryBean"> <property name="localServiceName" value="double-provider"/> <property name="spanReporter"> <bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.AsyncReporterFactoryBean"> <property name="sender" ref="sender"/> <!-- wait up to half a second for any in-flight spans on close --> <property name="closeTimeout" value="500"/> </bean> </property> <property name="currentTraceContext"> <bean class="brave.spring.beans.CurrentTraceContextFactoryBean"> <property name="scopeDecorators"> <bean class="brave.context.slf4j.MDCScopeDecorator" factory-method="create"/> </property> </bean> </property> </bean>
添加Filter配置。
// 服务端配置。 <dubbo:provider filter="tracing" /> // 客户端配置。 <dubbo:consumer filter="tracing" />
通过Spring Sleuth插件埋点
您可以选择通过Spring Sleuth插件进行埋点。
如需获取Demo,请单击下载源码,进入sleuthDemo目录,并根据Readme运行程序。
添加依赖Jar包。
<dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId> <artifactId>brave</artifactId> <version>5.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId> <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId> <version>2.7.9</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-core</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
配置application.yml。
说明请将
<endpoint_short>
替换成前提条件中获取的接入点信息(“公网接入点:”后面到“api/v2/spans”之前的内容)。spring: application: # This ends up as the service name in zipkin name: sleuthDemo zipkin: # Uncomment to send to zipkin, replacing 192.168.99.100 with your zipkin IP address baseUrl: <endpoint_short> sleuth: sampler: probability: 1.0 sample: zipkin: # When enabled=false, traces log to the console. Comment to send to zipkin enabled: true
发起HTTP请求,例如
http://localhost:3380/traced
。说明更多请求路径,请参见Demo中
com.alibaba.apm.SampleController
下的方法。
常见问题
问:Demo程序执行成功,但是为什么有的网站上无数据?
答:请断点调试zipkin2.reporter.okhttp3.HttpCall中的parseResponse方法,查看上报数据时返回值。如果报403错误,表示用户名配置不正确,需要检查Endpoint配置。