通过OpenTelemetry为应用埋点并上报链路数据至可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版后,可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版即可开始监控应用,您可以查看应用拓扑、调用链路、异常事务、慢事务和SQL分析等一系列监控数据。本文介绍如何使用OpenTelemetry为C++应用埋点并上报数据。
前提条件
示例Demo
示例代码仓库地址:opentelemetry-cpp-demo
环境要求
C++版本 ≥ 11
请在Supported C++ Versions and Development Platforms中查看支持的C++版本和开发平台。
步骤一:环境准备
(可选)运行C++镜像。
docker pull gcc # 这个镜像用的系统是debian docker run -it --name otel-cpp-demo gcc bash
安装必备的依赖。
protobuf
grpc
apt-get update apt-get install sudo sudo apt-get install git cmake g++ libcurl4-openssl-dev # 安装 protobuf sudo apt-get install protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-dev # 安装 grpc sudo apt-get install -y libgrpc++-dev libgrpc-dev protobuf-compiler-grpc
步骤二:安装OpenTelemetry C++ Library
git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp
cd opentelemetry-cpp
mkdir build && cd build
cmake -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DWITH_OTLP_GRPC=ON -DWITH_OTLP_HTTP=ON ..
cmake --build . --target all
# 直接安装到/usr/local(推荐)
cmake --install .
# 或者安装到指定路径
# cmake --install . --prefix /opentelemetry-cpp-lib
步骤三:在项目中使用OpenTelemetry C++ Library
通过HTTP上报数据
创建项目。
mkdir otel-http-export-demo cd otel otel-http-export-demo
编写项目CMakeLists.txt文件。
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25.1) #version填cmake的版本,cmake --version project(otel-http-export-demo) # 括号里填项目名 add_executable(otel-http-export-demo http_exporter.cc) # 项目名和main文件 find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED) find_package(protobuf) find_package(gRPC) find_package(CURL) find_package(nlohmann_json) include_directories("${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_INCLUDE_DIRS}") target_link_libraries( opentelemetry_trace opentelemetry_common opentelemetry_http_client_curl opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_grpc opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http_client opentelemetry_otlp_recordable opentelemetry_resources )
编写Demo。
测试代码只包含一个http_exporter.cc文件。
请将
${ServiceName}
替换为您的应用名,将${HostName}
替换为主机名。// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 #include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_options.h" #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/global_propagator.h" #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h" #include "opentelemetry/exporters/ostream/span_exporter_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h" #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h" #include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/semantic_conventions.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/global_log_handler.h" #include <string> namespace trace = opentelemetry::trace; namespace trace_sdk = opentelemetry::sdk::trace; namespace otlp = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp; namespace internal_log = opentelemetry::sdk::common::internal_log; namespace resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource; namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd; namespace { opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpHttpExporterOptions opts; void InitTracer() { // 创建OTLP exporter auto exporter = otlp::OtlpHttpExporterFactory::Create(opts); auto processor = trace_sdk::SimpleSpanProcessorFactory::Create(std::move(exporter)); resource::ResourceAttributes attributes = { {resource::SemanticConventions::kServiceName, "${ServiceName}"}, // 应用名 {resource::SemanticConventions::kHostName, "${HostName}"} }; auto resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource::Resource::Create(attributes); std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> provider = trace_sdk::TracerProviderFactory::Create(std::move(processor), std::move(resource)); // 设置Trace provider trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(provider); } void CleanupTracer() { std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> none; trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(none); } nostd::shared_ptr<trace::Tracer> get_tracer() { auto provider = trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider(); return provider->GetTracer("library name to trace", OPENTELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION); } void f1() { auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f1")); } void f2() { auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f2")); f1(); f1(); } void foo_library() { auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("library")); f2(); } } // namespace /* Usage: - example_otlp_http - example_otlp_http <URL> - example_otlp_http <URL> <DEBUG> - example_otlp_http <URL> <DEBUG> <BIN> <DEBUG> = yes|no, to turn console debug on or off <BIN> = bin, to export in binary format */ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc > 1) { opts.url = argv[1]; if (argc > 2) { std::string debug = argv[2]; opts.console_debug = debug != "" && debug != "0" && debug != "no"; } if (argc > 3) { std::string binary_mode = argv[3]; if (binary_mode.size() >= 3 && binary_mode.substr(0, 3) == "bin") { opts.content_type = otlp::HttpRequestContentType::kBinary; } } } if (opts.console_debug) { internal_log::GlobalLogHandler::SetLogLevel(internal_log::LogLevel::Debug); } InitTracer(); foo_library(); CleanupTracer(); }
编译项目。
mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make
运行项目。
./otel-http-export-demo ${http-endpoint}
请将
${http-endpoint}
替换为前提条件中获取的HTTP接入点信息。例如:
./otel-http-export-demo http://tracing-analysis-dc-hz.aliyuncs.com/adapt_xxxxx_xxxxx/api/otlp/traces
通过gRPC上报数据
创建项目。
mkdir otel-grpc-export-demo cd otel otel-grpc-export-demo
编写项目CMakeLists.txt文件。
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25.1) #version填cmake的版本,cmake --version project(otel-grpc-export-demo) # 括号里填项目名 add_executable(otel-grpc-export-demo grpc_exporter.cc) # 项目名和main文件 find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED) find_package(protobuf) find_package(gRPC) find_package(CURL) find_package(nlohmann_json) include_directories("${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_INCLUDE_DIRS}") target_link_libraries( otel-grpc-export-demo ${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_LIBRARIES} opentelemetry_trace opentelemetry_common opentelemetry_http_client_curl opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_grpc opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http_client opentelemetry_otlp_recordable opentelemetry_resources )
编写Demo。
测试代码只包含一个grpc_exporter.cc文件。
请将
${ServiceName}
替换为您的应用名,将${HostName}
替换为主机名。// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 #include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_options.h" #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/global_propagator.h" #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h" #include "opentelemetry/exporters/ostream/span_exporter_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h" #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h" #include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/semantic_conventions.h" #include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/global_log_handler.h" #include <string> namespace trace = opentelemetry::trace; namespace trace_sdk = opentelemetry::sdk::trace; namespace otlp = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp; namespace internal_log = opentelemetry::sdk::common::internal_log; namespace resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource; namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd; namespace { opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterOptions opts; void InitTracer() { // 创建OTLP exporter auto exporter = otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterFactory::Create(opts); auto processor = trace_sdk::SimpleSpanProcessorFactory::Create(std::move(exporter)); resource::ResourceAttributes attributes = { {resource::SemanticConventions::kServiceName, "${ServiceName} "}, // 应用名 {resource::SemanticConventions::kHostName, "${HostName}"} }; auto resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource::Resource::Create(attributes); std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> provider = trace_sdk::TracerProviderFactory::Create(std::move(processor), std::move(resource)); // 设置Trace provider trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(provider); } void CleanupTracer() { std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> none; trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(none); } nostd::shared_ptr<trace::Tracer> get_tracer() { auto provider = trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider(); return provider->GetTracer("library name to trace", OPENTELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION); } void f1() { auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f1")); } void f2() { auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f2")); f1(); f1(); } void foo_library() { auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("library")); f2(); } } // namespace /* Usage: - example_otlp_grpc - example_otlp_grpc <URL> <TOKEN> */ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc > 1) { opts.endpoint = argv[1]; if (argc > 2) { opts.metadata.insert(std::pair<std::string, std::string>("authentication",argv[2])); } if (argc > 3) { opts.use_ssl_credentials = true; opts.ssl_credentials_cacert_path = argv[3]; } } InitTracer(); foo_library(); CleanupTracer(); }
编译项目。
mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make
运行项目。
./otel-grpc-export-demo ${gRPC-endpoint} ${token}
请将
${gRPC-endpoint}
和${token}
替换为前提条件中获取的gRPC接入点和鉴权Token。例如:
./otel-grpc-export-demo http://tracing-analysis-dc-hz.aliyuncs.com:8090 xxxxx_xxxxxx
常见报错
运行后提示:
./otel-grpc-export-demo: error while loading shared libraries: libopentelemetry_proto_grpc.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
执行以下命令修改环境变量。
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib/
/usr/local/lib
是opentelemetry-cpp安装的地址。
查看监控数据
在可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版控制台的应用列表页面选择目标应用,查看链路数据。