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Resource Orchestration Service:使用Elastic Compute Service串連雲資料庫RDS完成資料初始化

更新時間:Aug 24, 2023

本文以使用Elastic Compute Service串連雲資料庫RDS完成資料初始化為例,由簡入難地向您介紹如何編輯ROS模板。

前提條件

請您提前瞭解模板文法和結構。更多資訊,請參見模板快速入門

情境樣本

在阿里雲專用網路中建立ECS執行個體和RDS執行個體,並在Elastic Compute Service中擷取資料庫的串連資訊,從而完成資料初始化。2023-03-24_17-08-11

使用須知

您可以訪問對應的資源類型查看屬性詳情。具體操作,請參見查看資源類型

資源類型為每個屬性定義了類型、是否必須、是否允許更新等資訊。如果為必須,則要求必須在模板Resources的Properties中聲明該屬性;反之,則為非必須。如果為允許更新,則可以在新模板中修改該屬性,然後使用修改後的模板更新資源棧以達到更新雲資源屬性的目的;反之,則不允許更新。

編輯模板

您可以通過資源類型索引文檔尋找所需的資源類型。更多資訊,請參見資源類型索引

例如:當前情境中需要建立專用網路(ALIYUN::ECS::VPC)、ECS執行個體(ALIYUN::ECS::Instance)、RDS執行個體(ALIYUN::RDS::DBInstance),還需要建立ECS執行個體所使用的交換器(ALIYUN::ECS::VSwitch)、安全性群組(ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroup)和執行資料初始化命令的ECS雲助手(ALIYUN::ECS::RunCommand)。

根據以上資訊,您可以在模板中定義需要建立的資源(Resources)。

定義模板資源及其依賴關係

定義基礎網路資源

您可以通過模板定義基礎網路資源VpcVSwitchEcsSecurityGroup

  • 使用Ref與偽參數ALIYUN::StackName擷取資源棧名稱作為資源屬性的屬性值,例如Vpc中的VpcNameVSwitch中的VSwitchName。更多資訊,請參見RefALIYUN::StackName

  • 使用Fn::Select與Fn::GetAZs函數結合偽參數ALIYUN::Region擷取資源棧所在地區的第一個可用性區域ID,例如VSwitch中的ZoneId。更多資訊,請參見函數(Functions)ALIYUN::Region

Resources:
  Vpc:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: 192.168.0.0/16
      VpcName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
  VSwitch:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::VSwitch
    Properties:
      VSwitchName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      ZoneId:
        Fn::Select:
          - '0'
          - Fn::GetAZs:
              Ref: ALIYUN::Region
      CidrBlock: 192.168.0.0/24
  EcsSecurityGroup:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      SecurityGroupName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      SecurityGroupEgress:
        - PortRange: '-1/-1'
          Priority: 1
          IpProtocol: all
          DestCidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
          NicType: intranet

定義資料庫資源

您可以通過模板定義資料庫資源DBInstanceDBAccount

使用Fn::GetAtt函數擷取資源輸出屬性值,例如DBAccount中的DBInstanceId。更多資訊,請參見Fn::GetAtt

Resources:
  DBInstance:
    Type: ALIYUN::RDS::DBInstance
    Properties:
      ZoneId:
        Fn::Select:
          - '0'
          - Fn::GetAZs:
              Ref: ALIYUN::Region
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      VSwitchId:
        Ref: VSwitch
      Engine: MySQL
      EngineVersion: '8.0'
      DBInstanceClass: mysql.n4.medium.2c
      DBInstanceStorage: 10
      MultiAZ: true
      DBInstanceNetType: Intranet
      DBMappings:
        - CharacterSetName: utf8
          DBName: employees
      SecurityIPList: 0.0.0.0/0
  DBAccount:
    Type: ALIYUN::RDS::Account
    DependsOn:
      - DBInstance
    Properties:
      DBInstanceId:
        Fn::GetAtt:
          - DBInstance
          - DBInstanceId
      AccountPassword:
        Ref: DBPassword
      AccountType: Super
      AccountName: rdsuser

定義雲端服務器ECS資源

您可以通過模板定義Elastic Compute Service資源EcsInstanceInstanceRunCommand

使用Fn::Sub函數拼接命令操作字串,例如InstanceRunCommand中的CommandContent。更多資訊,請參見Fn::Sub

說明

此處使用的初始化資料為MySQL官方提供的測試資料,為了保證測試資料網路下載的穩定性,請提前將資料存放至OSS Bucket中。

Resources:
	EcsInstance:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
    Properties:
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      SecurityGroupId:
        Ref: EcsSecurityGroup
      VSwitchId:
        Ref: VSwitch
      ImageId: centos_7
      AllocatePublicIP: false
      InstanceType: ecs.c5.large
      SystemDiskSize: 40
      SystemDiskCategory: cloud_essd
      Password:
        Ref: EcsInstancePassword
  InstanceRunCommand:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::RunCommand
    Properties:
      CommandContent:
        Fn::Sub:
          - |
            #!/bin/bash
            yum -y install holland-mysqldump.noarch unzip
            wget -P /tmp https://ros-userdata-resources.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/MySQL/test_db-master.zip
            unzip /tmp/test_db-master.zip -d /tmp/
            mysql -h${DBConnectString} -p3306 -urdsuser -p${DBPassword} < /tmp/test_db-master/employees.sql
          - DBConnectString:
              Fn::GetAtt:
                - DBInstance
                - InnerConnectionString
            DBPassword:
              Ref: DBPassword
      Type: RunShellScript
      InstanceIds:
        - Fn::GetAtt:
            - EcsInstance
            - InstanceId
      Timeout: '300'

完整模板樣本

ROSTemplateFormatVersion: '2015-09-01'
Description: { }
Parameters:
  EcsInstancePassword:
    NoEcho: true
    Type: String
    Description:
      en: Server login password, Length 8-30, must contain three(Capital letters, lowercase letters, numbers, ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ Special symbol in)
      zh-cn: 伺服器登入密碼,長度8-30,必須包含三項(大寫字母、小寫字母、數字、 ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ 中的特殊符號)
    AllowedPattern: '[0-9A-Za-z\_\-\&:;''<>,=%`~!@#\(\)\$\^\*\+\|\{\}\[\]\.\?\/]+$'
    Label:
      en: Instance Password
      zh-cn: 執行個體密碼
    ConstraintDescription:
      en: Length 8-30, must contain three(Capital letters, lowercase letters, numbers, ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ Special symbol in).
      zh-cn: 長度8-30,必須包含三項(大寫字母、小寫字母、數字、 ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ 中的特殊符號)。
    MinLength: 8
    MaxLength: 30
  DBPassword:
    NoEcho: true
    Type: String
    Label:
      en: DB Password
      zh-cn: 資料庫使用者訪問密碼
Resources:
  Vpc:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: 192.168.0.0/16
      VpcName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
  VSwitch:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::VSwitch
    Properties:
      VSwitchName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      ZoneId:
        Fn::Select:
          - '0'
          - Fn::GetAZs:
              Ref: ALIYUN::Region
      CidrBlock: 192.168.0.0/24
  EcsSecurityGroup:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      SecurityGroupName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      SecurityGroupEgress:
        - PortRange: '-1/-1'
          Priority: 1
          IpProtocol: all
          DestCidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
          NicType: intranet
  DBInstance:
    Type: ALIYUN::RDS::DBInstance
    Properties:
      ZoneId:
        Fn::Select:
          - '0'
          - Fn::GetAZs:
              Ref: ALIYUN::Region
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      VSwitchId:
        Ref: VSwitch
      Engine: MySQL
      EngineVersion: '8.0'
      DBInstanceClass: mysql.n4.medium.2c
      DBInstanceStorage: 10
      MultiAZ: true
      DBInstanceNetType: Intranet
      DBMappings:
        - CharacterSetName: utf8
          DBName: employees
      SecurityIPList: 0.0.0.0/0
  EcsInstance:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
    Properties:
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      SecurityGroupId:
        Ref: EcsSecurityGroup
      VSwitchId:
        Ref: VSwitch
      ImageId: centos_7
      AllocatePublicIP: false
      InstanceType: ecs.c5.large
      SystemDiskSize: 40
      SystemDiskCategory: cloud_essd
      Password:
        Ref: EcsInstancePassword
  Account:
    Type: ALIYUN::RDS::Account
    DependsOn:
      - DBInstance
    Properties:
      DBInstanceId:
        Fn::GetAtt:
          - DBInstance
          - DBInstanceId
      AccountPassword:
        Ref: DBPassword
      AccountType: Super
      AccountName: rdsuser
  InstanceRunCommand:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::RunCommand
    DependsOn:
      - Account
    Properties:
      CommandContent:
        Fn::Sub:
          - |
            #!/bin/bash
            yum -y install holland-mysqldump.noarch unzip
            wget -P /tmp https://ros-userdata-resources.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/MySQL/test_db-master.zip
            unzip /tmp/test_db-master.zip -d /tmp/
            mysql -h${DBConnectString} -p3306 -urdsuser -p${DBPassword} < /tmp/test_db-master/employees.sql
          - DBConnectString:
              Fn::GetAtt:
                - DBInstance
                - InnerConnectionString
            DBPassword:
              Ref: DBPassword
      Type: RunShellScript
      InstanceIds:
        - Fn::GetAtt:
            - EcsInstance
            - InstanceId
      Timeout: '300'

添加模板參數分組與動態擷取參數配置

在以上模板中完成了對多種資源及其依賴關係的定義,其中EcsInstance資源的InstanceTypeSystemDiskCategory屬性值與DBInstance資源的DBInstanceClass屬性值為固定值,當您在不同地區建立資源棧時,需要多次調整模板結構和變更資源屬性以達到部署資源棧的目的。

您可以對模板添加參數Parameters,從而提高模板的靈活性和可複用性。

添加模板參數分組

您可以在模板中使用中繼資料(Metadata)對Parameters中定義的參數進行分組,並定義參數分組標籤。

您可以根據不同資源以及資源對應的參數進行分組。以當前模板為例,您可以將資源按照如下結果劃分。

資源參數分類

資源名稱

參數名稱

基礎網路設定

VpcVSwitchEcsSecurityGroup

VSwitchZoneIdVpcCidrBlockVSwitchCidrBlock

資料庫配置

DBInstanceDBAccount

DBInstanceClassDBInstanceStorageDBNameDBUsernameDBPassword

ECS雲端服務器配置

EcsInstanceInstanceRunCommand

ECSInstanceTypeECSDiskSizeECSDiskCategoryEcsInstancePassword

動態擷取參數配置

ECSInstanceType參數為例,當您需要在控制台上對參數設定篩選條件並動態選擇參數配置時,可以按照參數對應的資源類型(ALIYUN::ECS::Instance)在AssociationProperty和AssociationPropertyMetadata文檔中查詢到該參數支援的AssociationProperty取值(ALIYUN::ECS::Instance::InstanceType),然後查看對篩選到的AssociationProperty設定過濾條件為ZoneIdAssociationPropertyMetadata取值。更多資訊,請參見AssociationProperty和AssociationPropertyMetadata

完整模板樣本

ROSTemplateFormatVersion: '2015-09-01'
Description: { }
Parameters:
  VSwitchZoneId:
    Type: String
    AssociationProperty: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance::ZoneId
    Description:
      en: Availability ID for existing switches
      zh-cn: 現有交換器的可用性區域ID
    Label:
      en: VSwitch Zone ID
      zh-cn: 交換器可用性區域
  VpcCidrBlock:
    Default: 192.168.0.0/16
    Label:
      zh-cn: 專用網路網段
      en: VPC CIDR Block
    Type: String
    Description:
      zh-cn: 建立專用網路IP位址區段範圍,推薦使用以下的IP位址區段<br><font color='green'>[10.0.XX.XX/8]</font><br><font color='green'>[172.16.XX.XX/12]</font><br><font color='green'>[192.168.XX.XX/16]</font>
      en: New proprietary network IP address segment range, recommended use of the following IP address segments<br><font color='green'>[10.0.XX.XX/8]</font><br><font color='green'>[172.16.XX.XX/12]</font><br><font color='green'>[192.168.XX.XX/16]</font>
  VSwitchCidrBlock:
    Default: 192.168.0.0/24
    Type: String
    Description:
      zh-cn: 必須是所屬專用網路的子網段,並且沒有被其他交換器佔用。
      en: Must be a sub-network segment of the proprietary network and is not occupied by other VSwitches.
    Label:
      zh-cn: 交換器網段
      en: VSwitch CIDR Block
  ECSInstanceType:
    Type: String
    Description:
      en: <font color='blue'><b>1.Before selecting the model please confirm that the current available zone under the model is in stock, some models need to be reported in advance</b></font>]<br><font color='blue'><b>2.List of optional models</font>]<br></b></font>[ecs.c5.large <font color='green'>2vCPU 4GiB Intranet bandwidth1Gbps In-grid sending and receiving packages30MillionPPSS</font>]<br></b>[ecs.c5.xlarge <font color='green'>4vCPU 8GiB Intranet bandwidth1.5Gbps In-grid sending and receiving packages50MillionPPS</font>]<br></b>[ecs.c5.2xlarge <font color='green'>8vCPU 16GiB Intranet bandwidth2.5Gbps In-grid sending and receiving packages80MillionPPS</font>]
      zh-cn: <font color='blue'><b>1.選擇機型前請先確認當前可用性區域下該機型是否有貨,部分機型需要提前報備</b></font><br><font color='blue'><b>2.可選機型列表</font><br></b></font>[ecs.c5.large <font color='green'>2vCPU 4GiB 內網頻寬1Gbps 內網收發包30萬PPS</font>]<br></b>[ecs.c5.xlarge <font color='green'>4vCPU 8GiB 內網頻寬1.5Gbps 內網收發包50萬PPS</font>]<br></b>[ecs.c5.2xlarge <font color='green'>8vCPU 16GiB 內網頻寬2.5Gbps 內網收發包80萬PPS</font>]
    Label:
      en: Instance Type
      zh-cn: 執行個體規格
    AssociationProperty: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance::InstanceType
    AssociationPropertyMetadata:
      ZoneId: ${VSwitchZoneId}
  ECSDiskSize:
    Type: Number
    Description:
      en: 'The size of the instance system disk, in GiB. Value range: 40 to 500'
      zh-cn: 執行個體系統硬碟大小,單位為GiB,取值範圍:40~500
    Label:
      en: System Disk Space
      zh-cn: 系統硬碟空間
    MinValue: 40
    MaxValue: 500
    Default: 40
  ECSDiskCategory:
    Type: String
    Description:
      en: '<font color=''blue''><b>Optional values:</b></font><br>[cloud_efficiency: <font color=''green''>Efficient Cloud Disk</font>]<br>[cloud_ssd: <font color=''green''>SSD Cloud Disk</font>]<br>[cloud_essd: <font color=''green''>ESSD Cloud Disk</font>]<br>[cloud: <font color=''green''>Cloud Disk</font>]<br>[ephemeral_ssd: <font color=''green''>Local SSD Cloud Disk</font>]'
      zh-cn: '<font color=''blue''><b>可選值:</b></font><br>[cloud_efficiency: <font color=''green''>高效雲端硬碟</font>]<br>[cloud_ssd: <font color=''green''>SSD雲端硬碟</font>]<br>[cloud_essd: <font color=''green''>ESSD雲端硬碟</font>]<br>[cloud: <font color=''green''>普通雲端硬碟</font>]<br>[ephemeral_ssd: <font color=''green''>本地SSD盤</font>]'
    AssociationProperty: ALIYUN::ECS::Disk::SystemDiskCategory
    AssociationPropertyMetadata:
      ZoneId: ${VSwitchZoneId}
      InstanceType: ${ECSInstanceType}
    Label:
      en: System Disk Type
      zh-cn: 系統硬碟類型
  EcsInstancePassword:
    NoEcho: true
    Type: String
    Description:
      en: Server login password, Length 8-30, must contain three(Capital letters, lowercase letters, numbers, ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ Special symbol in)
      zh-cn: 伺服器登入密碼,長度8~30,必須包含三項(大寫字母、小寫字母、數字、 ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ 中的特殊符號)
    AllowedPattern: '[0-9A-Za-z\_\-\&:;''<>,=%`~!@#\(\)\$\^\*\+\|\{\}\[\]\.\?\/]+$'
    Label:
      en: Instance Password
      zh-cn: 執行個體密碼
    ConstraintDescription:
      en: Length 8-30, must contain three(Capital letters, lowercase letters, numbers, ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ Special symbol in).
      zh-cn: 長度8-30,必須包含三項(大寫字母、小寫字母、數字、 ()`~!@#$%^&*_-+=|{}[]:;'<>,.?/ 中的特殊符號)。
    MinLength: 8
    MaxLength: 30
  DBInstanceClass:
    Label:
      zh-cn: 執行個體規格
      en: DB Instance Class
    AssociationProperty: ALIYUN::RDS::Instance::InstanceType
    AssociationPropertyMetadata:
      Engine: MySQL
      ZoneId: ${VSwitchZoneId}
    Type: String
    Description:
      zh-cn: 根據資料庫引擎的類型和可用的地區支援選擇執行個體規格;<br>請參見詳細資料:<a href='https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/26312.html' target='_blank'><b><font color='blue'>執行個體規格表</font></b></a>
      en: 'Select the instance specification based on the type of database engine and the available area support;<br>see detail: <a href=''https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/26312.html'' target=''_blank''><b><font color=''blue''>Instance specification sheet</font></b></a>'
  DBInstanceStorage:
    Label:
      zh-cn: 執行個體儲存
      en: Storage
    Type: Number
    Description:
      zh-cn: RDS執行個體大小範圍為20~2000,每5個增量,單位為GB
      en: The size range of RDS instances is 20 - 2000, Incrementing in every 5, unit GB
    MinValue: 20
    MaxValue: 2000
    ConstraintDescription:
      zh-cn: RDS執行個體大小範圍為20~2000,每5個增量,單位為GB
      en: The size range of RDS instances is 20 - 2000, Incrementing in every 5, unit GB
    Default: 200
  DBName:
    Type: String
    Label:
      en: DB Name
      zh-cn: 資料庫名稱
    ConstraintDescription:
      zh-cn: 必須以字母開頭並且只包含字母數字字元。
      en: Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters.
    MinLength: 1
    MaxLength: 64
    Default: employees
  DBUsername:
    Type: String
    Description:
      en: Primary account name of the database instance.
      zh-cn: 資料庫執行個體的主帳號名稱。
    ConstraintDescription:
      en: Consist of 2 to 16 characters of lowercase letters, underline. Must begin with a letter and be end with an alphanumeric character
      zh-cn: 由 2 到 16 個小寫字母組成,底線。必須以字母開頭,以字母數字字元結尾
    Label:
      zh-cn: 資料庫帳號名稱
      en: DB Username
    Default: rdsuser
    MaxLength: 16
    MinLength: 2
  DBPassword:
    NoEcho: true
    Type: String
    Label:
      en: DB Password
      zh-cn: 資料庫使用者訪問密碼
Resources:
  Vpc:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock:
        Ref: VpcCidrBlock
      VpcName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
  VSwitch:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::VSwitch
    Properties:
      VSwitchName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      ZoneId:
        Ref: VSwitchZoneId
      CidrBlock:
        Ref: VSwitchCidrBlock
  EcsSecurityGroup:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      SecurityGroupName:
        Ref: ALIYUN::StackName
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - PortRange: '-1/-1'
          Priority: 1
          IpProtocol: all
          NicType: intranet
          SourceCidrIp: '0.0.0.0/0'
  DBInstance:
    Type: ALIYUN::RDS::DBInstance
    Properties:
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      VSwitchId:
        Ref: VSwitch
      Engine: MySQL
      EngineVersion: '8.0'
      DBInstanceClass:
        Ref: DBInstanceClass
      DBInstanceStorage:
        Ref: DBInstanceStorage
      DBInstanceNetType: Intranet
      DBMappings:
        - CharacterSetName: utf8
          DBName:
            Ref: DBName
      SecurityIPList: 0.0.0.0/0
  DBAccount:
    Type: ALIYUN::RDS::Account
    DependsOn:
      - DBInstance
    Properties:
      DBInstanceId:
        Fn::GetAtt:
          - DBInstance
          - DBInstanceId
      AccountPassword:
        Ref: DBPassword
      AccountType: Super
      AccountName:
        Ref: DBUsername
  EcsInstance:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
    Properties:
      VpcId:
        Ref: Vpc
      SecurityGroupId:
        Ref: EcsSecurityGroup
      VSwitchId:
        Ref: VSwitch
      ImageId: centos_7
      AllocatePublicIP: true
      InstanceType:
        Ref: ECSInstanceType
      SystemDiskSize:
        Ref: ECSDiskSize
      SystemDiskCategory:
        Ref: ECSDiskCategory
      Password:
        Ref: EcsInstancePassword
  InstanceRunCommand:
    Type: ALIYUN::ECS::RunCommand
    DependsOn:
      - DBAccount
    Properties:
      CommandContent:
        Fn::Sub:
          - |
            #!/bin/bash
            yum -y install holland-mysqldump.noarch unzip
            wget -P /tmp https://ros-userdata-resources.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/MySQL/test_db-master.zip
            unzip /tmp/test_db-master.zip -d /tmp/
            mysql -h${DBConnectString} -p3306 -u${DBUsername} -p${DBPassword} < /tmp/test_db-master/employees.sql
          - DBConnectString:
              Fn::GetAtt:
                - DBInstance
                - InnerConnectionString
            DBUsername:
              Ref: DBUsername
            DBPassword:
              Ref: DBPassword
      Type: RunShellScript
      InstanceIds:
        - Fn::GetAtt:
            - EcsInstance
            - InstanceId
      Timeout: '500'
Metadata:
  ALIYUN::ROS::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
      - Parameters:
          - VSwitchZoneId
          - VpcCidrBlock
          - VSwitchCidrBlock
        Label:
          default:
            zh-cn: 基礎網路設定
            en: Basic Network Configuration
      - Parameters:
          - ECSInstanceType
          - ECSDiskSize
          - ECSDiskCategory
          - EcsInstancePassword
        Label:
          default:
            en: Instance
            zh-cn: ECS執行個體配置
      - Parameters:
          - DBInstanceClass
          - DBInstanceStorage
          - DBName
          - DBUsername
          - DBPassword
        Label:
          default:
            en: Database
            zh-cn: 資料庫配置