Object Storage Service：Python快速入門

前提條件

• 已註冊阿里雲帳號。

• 已開通OSS服務。

• 已建立有OSS系統管理權限的RAM使用者AccessKey。

  使用ROS指令碼快速建立有OSS系統管理權限的RAM使用者AccessKey

  在Resource Orchestration Service控制台的建立資源棧頁面的安全確認下，勾選確認，然後單擊建立。

  

  建立完成後，在輸出中，複製建立的AccessKey。

  

配置憑證

使用RAM使用者AccessKey配置環境變數。

安裝SDK

1. 已安裝合適版本的Python運行環境，通過以下命令查看Python版本。

   OSS Python SDK適用於Python 2.6、2.7、3.3、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7、3.8及以上版本。

   python -version

   如果當前計算環境沒有安裝Python運行環境，請下載安裝Python。

2. 安裝OSS Python SDK。

   執行以下命令安裝SDK。

   pip install oss2

運行樣本

運行以下程式碼範例以體驗OSS的完整使用流程：建立一個Bucket、上傳檔案、下載檔案、列舉檔案以及刪除檔案和Bucket。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
from itertools import islice
import os
import logging
import time
import random

# 配置日誌
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

# 檢查環境變數是否已設定
required_env_vars = ['OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', 'OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']
for var in required_env_vars:
    if var not in os.environ:
        logging.error(f"Environment variable {var} is not set.")
        exit(1)

# 從環境變數中擷取訪問憑證
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# 設定Endpoint和Region
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
region = "cn-hangzhou"

def generate_unique_bucket_name():
    # 擷取目前時間戳
    timestamp = int(time.time())
    # 產生0到9999之間的隨機數
    random_number = random.randint(0, 9999)
    # 構建唯一的Bucket名稱
    bucket_name = f"demo-{timestamp}-{random_number}"
    return bucket_name

# 產生唯一的Bucket名稱
bucket_name = generate_unique_bucket_name()
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, bucket_name, region=region)

def create_bucket(bucket):
    try:
        bucket.create_bucket(oss2.models.BUCKET_ACL_PRIVATE)
        logging.info("Bucket created successfully")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to create bucket: {e}")

def upload_file(bucket, object_name, data):
    try:
        result = bucket.put_object(object_name, data)
        logging.info(f"File uploaded successfully, status code: {result.status}")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to upload file: {e}")

def download_file(bucket, object_name):
    try:
        file_obj = bucket.get_object(object_name)
        content = file_obj.read().decode('utf-8')
        logging.info("File content:")
        logging.info(content)
        return content
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to download file: {e}")

def list_objects(bucket):
    try:
        objects = list(islice(oss2.ObjectIterator(bucket), 10))
        for obj in objects:
            logging.info(obj.key)
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to list objects: {e}")

def delete_objects(bucket):
    try:
        objects = list(islice(oss2.ObjectIterator(bucket), 100))
        if objects:
            for obj in objects:
                bucket.delete_object(obj.key)
                logging.info(f"Deleted object: {obj.key}")
        else:
            logging.info("No objects to delete")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to delete objects: {e}")

def delete_bucket(bucket):
    try:
        bucket.delete_bucket()
        logging.info("Bucket deleted successfully")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to delete bucket: {e}")

# 主流程
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 1. 建立Bucket
    create_bucket(bucket)
    # 2. 上傳檔案
    upload_file(bucket, 'test-string-file', b'Hello OSS, this is a test string.')
    # 3. 下載檔案
    download_file(bucket, 'test-string-file')
    # 4. 列出Bucket中的對象
    list_objects(bucket)
    # 5. 刪除Bucket中的對象
    delete_objects(bucket)
    # 6. 刪除Bucket
    delete_bucket(bucket)