Use the SDK for Python to configure Referer-based hotlink protection to prevent unauthorized reference to OSS objects - Object Storage Service

You can configure a Referer whitelist or a Referer blacklist and specify whether to allow a request with an empty Referer for an Object Storage Service (OSS) bucket to prevent unauthorized access to resources in the bucket and unexpected traffic fees.

Usage notes

Before you configure hotlink protection, make sure that you familiarize yourself with this feature. For more information, see Hotlink protection.
In this topic, the public endpoint of the China (Hangzhou) region is used. If you want to access OSS from other Alibaba Cloud services in the same region as OSS, use an internal endpoint. For more information about OSS regions and endpoints, see Regions, endpoints and open ports.
In this topic, access credentials are obtained from environment variables. For more information about how to configure access credentials, see Configure access credentials.
In this topic, an OSSClient instance is created by using an OSS endpoint. If you want to create an OSSClient instance by using custom domain names or Security Token Service (STS), see Initialization.
To configure hotlink protection, you must have the oss:PutBucketReferer permission. To query hotlink protection configurations, you must have the oss:GetBucketReferer permission. For more information, see Attach a custom policy to a RAM user.

Configure hotlink protection for a bucket

The following sample code provides an example on how to configure hotlink protection for a bucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
from oss2.models import BucketReferer

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of your bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)

# Specify that empty Referer fields are allowed. 
allow_empty_referer = True 
# Specify a Referer whitelist. 
referers = ['http://www.aliyun.com', 'https://www.aliyun.com']
# Specify a Referer blacklist. 
# black_referers = ['http://example.com', 'http://*.example.com']
# Specify that query strings can be truncated. 
allow_truncate_query_string = True
# Configure hotlink protection. 
bucket.put_bucket_referer(BucketReferer(allow_empty_referer=allow_empty_referer, referers=referers, black_referers=black_referers,allow_truncate_query_string=allow_truncate_query_string))

Query the hotlink protection configurations of a bucket

The following sample code provides an example on how to query the hotlink configurations of a bucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of your bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)

config = bucket.get_bucket_referer()
print('allow empty referer={0}, referers={1}'.format(config.allow_empty_referer, config.referers))

Clear hotlink protection configurations

The following sample code provides an example on how to delete the hotlink protection configurations of a bucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.models import BucketReferer
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of your bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)

# The hotlink protection configurations of a bucket cannot be directly cleared. To overwrite the existing hotlink protection configurations, you must configure a new hotlink protection rule that allows requests with an empty Referer header. 
bucket.put_bucket_referer(BucketReferer(True, []))

References

For more information about the API operation that you can call to configure hotlink protection for a bucket, see PutBucketReferer.
For more information about the API operation that you can call to query the hotlink protection configurations of a bucket, see GetBucketReferer.