Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a Tablestore instance

Prerequisites

• The destination Tablestore instance is created. For more information, see Use Tablestore.

• The AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret of the Alibaba Cloud account to which the Tablestore instance belongs are obtained. For more information, see Create an AccessKey pair for an Alibaba Cloud account.

Limits

Billing

SQL operations that support incremental synchronization

Permissions required for database accounts

Procedure

1. Use one of the following methods to go to the Data Synchronization page and select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides.

   DTS console

   DMS console

   1. Log on to the DTS console.

   2. In the left-side navigation pane, click Data Synchronization.

   3. In the upper-left corner of the page, select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides.

   Note

   The actual operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Customize the layout and style of the DMS console.

   1. Log on to the DMS console.

   2. In the top navigation bar, move the pointer over Data + AI and choose DTS (DTS) > Data Synchronization.

   3. From the drop-down list to the right of Data Synchronization Tasks, select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides.

2. From the drop-down list to the right of Data Synchronization Tasks, select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides.

3. Click Create Task to go to the task configuration page.

4. Optional. Click New Configuration Page in the upper-right corner of the page.

   Note

   • Skip this step if the Back to Previous Version button is displayed in the upper-right corner of the page.

   • Specific parameters in the new and previous versions of the configuration page may be different. We recommend that you use the new version of the configuration page.

5. Configure the source and destination databases. The following table describes the parameters.

   Section	Parameter	Description

   Section	Parameter	Description
   N/A	Task Name	The name of the DTS task. DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify a descriptive name that makes it easy to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
   Source Database	Select a DMS database instance.	The database that you want to use. You can choose whether to use an existing database based on your business requirements. If you select an existing database, DTS automatically populates the parameters for the database. If you do not select an existing database, you must configure the following database information. Note In the DMS console, you can click Add DMS Database Instance to register a database with DMS. For more information, see Register an Alibaba Cloud database instance and Register a database hosted on a third-party cloud service or a self-managed database. In the DTS console, register a database with DTS on the Database Connections page or the new configuration page. For more information, see Manage database connections.
   	Database Type	The type of the source database. Select MySQL.
   	Access Method	The access method of the source database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
   	Instance Region	The region in which the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides.
   	Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts	In this example, a database of the current Alibaba Cloud account is used. Select No.
   	RDS Instance ID	The ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
   	Database Account	The database account of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For information about the permissions that are required for the account, see the Permissions required for database accounts section of this topic.
   	Database Password	The password that is used to access the database.
   	Encryption	Specifies whether to encrypt the connection to the database. You can select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements. If you want to set this parameter to SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the DTS task. For more information, see Use a cloud certificate to enable SSL encryption.
   Destination Database	Select a DMS database instance.	The database that you want to use. You can choose whether to use an existing database based on your business requirements. If you select an existing database, DTS automatically populates the parameters for the database. If you do not select an existing database, you must configure the following database information. Note In the DMS console, you can click Add DMS Database Instance to register a database with DMS. For more information, see Register an Alibaba Cloud database instance and Register a database hosted on a third-party cloud service or a self-managed database. In the DTS console, register a database with DTS on the Database Connections page or the new configuration page. For more information, see Manage database connections.
   	Database Type	The type of the destination database. Select Tablestore.
   	Access Method	The access method of the destination database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
   	Instance Region	The region in which the destination Tablestore instance resides.
   	Instance ID	The ID of the destination Tablestore instance.
   	AccessKey ID of Alibaba Cloud Account	The AccessKey ID of the Alibaba Cloud account to which the destination Tablestore instance belongs. Important If you enter the AccessKey ID of a Resource Access Management (RAM) user, the data synchronization task may fail because the RAM user is not granted the required permissions.
   	AccessKey Secret of Alibaba Cloud Account	The AccessKey secret of the Alibaba Cloud account to which the destination Tablestore instance belongs.

6. In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed.

   If the source or destination database is an Alibaba Cloud database instance, such as an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance or an ApsaraDB for MongoDB instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database hosted on an Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of the ECS instance, and you must make sure that the ECS instance can access the database. If the database is deployed on multiple ECS instances, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of each ECS instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database that is deployed in a data center or provided by a third-party cloud service provider, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the database to allow DTS to access the database. For more information, see the "CIDR blocks of DTS servers" section of the Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers topic.

   Warning

   If the CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the whitelist of the database or instance, or to the ECS security group rules, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to synchronize data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhancing the security of your username and password, limiting the ports that are exposed, authenticating API calls, regularly checking the whitelist or ECS security group rules and forbidding unauthorized CIDR blocks, or connecting the database to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.

7. Configure the objects to be synchronized.

   1. In the Configure Objects step, configure the objects that you want to synchronize.

      Parameter	Description

      Parameter	Description
      Synchronization Types	The synchronization types. By default, Incremental Data Synchronization is selected. You must also select Schema Synchronization and Full Data Synchronization. After the precheck is complete, DTS synchronizes the historical data of the selected objects from the source database to the destination cluster. The historical data is the basis for subsequent incremental synchronization.
      Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables	Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck, and the data synchronization task cannot be started. Note If the source and destination databases contain tables with identical names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed, you can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are synchronized to the destination database. For more information, see Map object names. Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases. Warning If you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to potential risks. If the source and destination databases have the same schema and a data record in the destination database has the same primary key value or unique key value as a data record in the source database: During full data synchronization, DTS does not synchronize the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained. During incremental data synchronization, DTS synchronizes the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten. If the source and destination databases have different schemas, data may fail to be initialized. In this case, only some columns are synchronized, or the data synchronization task fails. Proceed with caution.
      Operation Types	The types of operations that you want to synchronize. You can configure this parameter based on your business requirements. All operation types are selected by default.
      Processing Policy of Dirty Data	The processing policy for handling data write errors. Valid values: Skip Block
      Data Write Mode	The mode in which data is written. Valid values: Overwrite Row: The UpdateRowChange operation is performed to overwrite rows in the Tablestore instance. Update Row: The PutRowChange operation is performed to update rows in the Tablestore instance.
      Batch Write Mode	The operation used to write multiple rows of data to the Tablestore instance at a time. Valid values: BulkImportRequest: Data is written offline. BatchWriteRowRequest: Multiple rows of data are written at a time. Note To achieve higher read and write efficiency and reduce your costs of using the Tablestore instance, we recommend that you select BulkImportRequest.
      More	You can click More to configure the following parameters based on your business requirements: Queue Size: The length of the queue for writing data to the Tablestore instance. Thread Quantity: The number of callback threads for writing data to the Tablestore instance. Concurrency: The maximum number of concurrent threads for the Tablestore instance. Buckets: The number of concurrent buckets for writing incremental data in sequence. To improve the concurrent write capability, you can set this parameter to a large value. Note The value of Buckets must be smaller than or equal to the value of Concurrency.
      Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance	The capitalization of database names, table names, and column names in the destination instance. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can select other options to ensure that the capitalization of object names is consistent with that in the source or destination database. For more information, see Specify the capitalization of object names in the destination instance.
      Source Objects	Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section and click the icon to add the objects to the Selected Objects section. Note You can select databases or tables as the objects to be synchronized.
      Selected Objects	To rename an object that you want to synchronize to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see the "Map the name of a single object" section of the Map object names topic. To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see the "Map multiple object names at a time" section of the Map object names topic. Note Database name mapping is not supported. You can use the object name mapping feature to rename tables or columns only if you select tables as the objects to be synchronized. If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be synchronized. You can change the type of a column in a table that is synchronized to the Tablestore instance by using the column name mapping feature. To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click a table in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information, see Set filter conditions.

   2. Click Next: Advanced Settings to configure advanced settings.

      Parameter	Description

      Parameter	Description
      Dedicated Cluster for Task Scheduling	By default, DTS schedules the task to the shared cluster if you do not specify a dedicated cluster. If you want to improve the stability of data synchronization tasks, purchase a dedicated cluster. For more information, see What is a DTS dedicated cluster.
      Retry Time for Failed Connections	The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data synchronization task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set this parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data synchronization task. Otherwise, the data synchronization task fails. Note If you specify different retry time ranges for multiple data synchronization tasks that have the same source or destination database, the shortest retry time range takes precedence. When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
      Retry Time for Other Issues	The retry time range for other issues. For example, if the DDL or DML operations fail to be performed after the data synchronization task is started, DTS immediately retries the operations within the time range. Valid values: 1 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 10. We recommend that you set this parameter to a value greater than 10. If the failed operations are successfully performed within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data synchronization task. Otherwise, the data synchronization task fails. Important The value of the Retry Time for Other Issues parameter must be smaller than the value of the Retry Time for Failed Connections parameter.
      Enable Throttling for Full Data Migration	During full data synchronization, DTS uses the read and write resources of the source and destination databases. This may increase the load on the database servers. You can configure the Queries per second (QPS) to the source database, RPS of Full Data Migration, and Data migration speed for full migration (MB/s) parameters for full data synchronization tasks to reduce the load on the destination database server. Note This parameter is displayed only if Full Data Synchronization is selected for the Synchronization Types parameter.
      Enable Throttling for Incremental Data Synchronization	Specifies whether to enable throttling for incremental data synchronization. You can enable throttling for incremental data synchronization based on your business requirements. To configure throttling, you must configure the RPS of Incremental Data Synchronization and Data synchronization speed for incremental synchronization (MB/s) parameters. This reduces the load on the destination database server.
      Environment Tag	The environment tag that is used to identify the DTS instance. You can select an environment tag based on your business requirements. In this example, you do not need to configure this parameter.
      Whether to delete SQL operations on heartbeat tables of forward and reverse tasks	Specifies whether to write SQL operations on heartbeat tables to the source database while the DTS instance is running. Valid values: Yes: does not write SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, a latency of the DTS instance may be displayed. No: writes SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, features such as physical backup and cloning of the source database may be affected.
      Configure ETL	Specifies whether to enable the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL? Valid values: Yes: configures the ETL feature. You can enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task. No: does not configure the ETL feature.
      Monitoring and Alerting	Specifies whether to configure alerting for the data synchronization task. If the task fails or the synchronization latency exceeds the specified threshold, alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values: No: does not enable alerting. Yes: configures alerting. In this case, you must also configure the alert threshold and alert notification settings. For more information, see the "Configure monitoring and alerting when you create a DTS task" section of the Configure monitoring and alerting topic.

   3. Click Next: Configure Database and Table Fields. In the Note dialog box, click OK.

      By default, the primary key column of a table is selected as the value of Primary Key Column by DTS when the table is synchronized to the Tablestore instance. To modify the Primary Key Column parameter, set Definition Status to All.

      Note

      You can select multiple columns for the Primary Key Column parameter from the drop-down list to form a composite primary key.

8. Save the task settings and run a precheck.

   • To view the parameters to be specified when you call the relevant API operation to configure the DTS task, move the pointer over Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck and click Preview OpenAPI parameters.

   • If you do not need to view or have viewed the parameters, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck in the lower part of the page.

   Note

   • Before you can start the data synchronization task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data synchronization task only after the task passes the precheck.

   • If the data synchronization task fails the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you analyze the causes based on the check results, troubleshoot the issues. Then, rerun the precheck.

   • If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:

     • If an alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issue. Then, run a precheck again.

     • If an alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.

9. Wait until the Success Rate becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.

10. Purchase a data synchronization instance.

    1. On the buy page, configure the Billing Method and Instance Class parameters for the data synchronization instance. The following table describes the parameters.

       Section	Parameter	Description

       Section	Parameter	Description
       New Instance Class	Billing Method	Subscription: You pay for a subscription when you create a data synchronization instance. The subscription billing method is more cost-effective than the pay-as-you-go billing method for long-term use. Pay-as-you-go: A pay-as-you-go instance is billed on an hourly basis. The pay-as-you-go billing method is suitable for short-term use. If you no longer require a pay-as-you-go data synchronization instance, you can release the instance to reduce costs.
       	Resource Group Settings	The resource group to which the data synchronization instance belongs. Default value: default resource group. For more information, see What is Resource Management?
       	Instance Class	DTS provides instance classes that vary in synchronization speed. You can select an instance class based on your business requirements. For more information, see Instance classes of data synchronization instances.
       	Subscription Duration	If you select the subscription billing method, specify the subscription duration and the number of data synchronization instances that you want to create. The subscription duration can be one to nine months, one year, two years, three years, or five years. Note This parameter is available only if you select the Subscription billing method.

    2. Read and select Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.

    3. Click Buy and Start. In the dialog box that appears, click OK.

       You can view the progress of the task in the task list.