You can use Data Transmission Service (DTS) to migrate data from a MySQL database to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster.
Supported source databases
You can use DTS to migrate data from the following types of MySQL databases to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster. In this topic, an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is used to describe how to configure a data migration task. You can also follow the procedure to configure data migration tasks for other types of MySQL databases.- ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
- Self-managed databases:
- Self-managed database with a public IP address
- Self-managed database that is hosted on Elastic Compute Service (ECS)
- Self-managed database that is connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway
- Self-managed database that is connected over Database Gateway
Prerequisites
- An ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is created. For more information, see Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
- A PolarDB for MySQL cluster is created. For more information, see Purchase a pay-as-you-go cluster and Purchase a subscription cluster.
- The available storage space of the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster is larger than the total size of the data in the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Limits
- During schema migration, DTS migrates foreign keys from the source database to the destination database.
- During full data migration and incremental data migration, DTS temporarily disables the constraint check and cascade operations on foreign keys at the session level. If you perform the cascade and delete operations on the source database during data migration, data inconsistency may occur.
Category | Description |
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Limits on the source database |
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Other limits |
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Special cases |
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Billing
Migration type | Instance configuration fee | Internet traffic fee |
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Schema migration and full data migration | Free of charge. | Charged only when data is migrated from Alibaba Cloud over the Internet. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Incremental data migration | Charged. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Migration types
- Schema migration
DTS migrates the schemas of objects from the source database to the destination database.
Note- DTS supports schema migration for the following types of objects: table, view, trigger, stored procedure, and function.
- During schema migration, DTS changes the value of the SECURITY attribute from DEFINER to INVOKER for views, stored procedures, and functions.
- DTS does not migrate user information. To call a view, stored procedure, or function of the destination database, you must grant the read and write permissions to INVOKER.
- Full data migration
DTS migrates the existing data of objects from the source database to the destination database.
- Incremental data migration
After full data migration is complete, DTS migrates incremental data from the source database to the destination database. Incremental data migration allows data to be migrated smoothly without interrupting services of self-managed applications during data migration.
SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated
Operation type | SQL operation |
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DML | INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE |
DDL |
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Permissions required for database accounts
Database | Schema migration | Full data migration | Incremental data migration |
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ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance | The SELECT permission | The SELECT permission | REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SHOW VIEW, and SELECT permissions |
PolarDB for MySQL cluster | Read and write permissions |
For more information about how to create a database account and grant permissions to the database account, see the following topics:
- ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance: Create an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance and Modify the permissions of a standard account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
- PolarDB for MySQL cluster: Create a database account
Procedure
- Go to the Data Migration Tasks page.
- Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
- In the top navigation bar, click DTS.
- In the left-side navigation pane, choose .
Note- Operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Configure the DMS console based on your business requirements.
- You can also go to the Data Migration Tasks page of the new DTS console.
- From the drop-down list next to Data Migration Tasks, select the region in which the data migration instance resides. Note If you use the new DTS console, you must select the region in which the data migration instance resides in the upper-left corner.
- Click Create Task. On the page that appears, configure the source and destination databases.Warning After you select the source and destination instances, we recommend that you read the limits displayed at the top of the page. This helps ensure that the task properly runs or prevent data inconsistency.
Section Parameter Description N/A Task Name The name of the task. DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify an informative name to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
Source Database Select an existing DMS database instance The database instance that you want to use. You can choose whether to use an existing instance based on your business requirements.- If you use an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the source database.
- If you do not use an existing instance, you must configure the parameters for the database.
Database Type The type of the source instance. Select MySQL. Access Method The access method of the source instance. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance. Instance Region The region in which the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides. Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts Specifies whether to migrate data across Alibaba Cloud accounts. In this example, No is selected. RDS Instance ID The ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. Database Account The database account of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Permissions required for database accounts. Database Password The password of the database account.
Encryption Specifies whether to encrypt the connection to the source database. Select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements. If you select SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the data migration task. For more information, see Configure SSL encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Destination Database Select an existing DMS database instance The database instance that you want to use. You can choose whether to use an existing instance based on your business requirements.- If you use an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the instance.
- If you do not use an existing instance, you must configure the parameters for the database.
Database Type The type of the destination cluster. Select PolarDB for MySQL. Access Method The access method of the destination cluster. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance. Instance Region The region in which the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster resides. PolarDB Cluster ID The ID of the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster. Database Account The database account of the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Permissions required for database accounts. Database Password The password of the database account.
- In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed. If the source or destination database is an Alibaba Cloud database instance, such as an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL or ApsaraDB for MongoDB instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database hosted on an Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of the ECS instance, and you must make sure that the ECS instance can access the database. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database that is deployed in a data center or provided by a third-party cloud service provider, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the database to allow DTS to access the database. For more information about the CIDR blocks of DTS servers, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security settings of on-premises databases.Warning If the CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the whitelist of a database or an instance, or to the security group rules of an ECS instance, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to migrate data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhance the security of your username and password, limit the ports that are exposed, authenticate API calls, regularly check the whitelist or ECS security group rules and forbid unauthorized CIDR blocks, or connect the database to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
- Configure objects to migrate and advanced settings.
- Basic settings
Parameter Description Migration Type - To perform only full data migration, select Schema Migration and Full Data Migration.
- To ensure service continuity during data migration, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration.
Note If Incremental Data Migration is not selected, we recommend that you do not write data to the source instance during data migration. This ensures data consistency between the source and destination instances.Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data migration task cannot be started.
Note You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are migrated to the destination database. You can use this feature if the source and destination databases contain tables that have identical names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed. For more information, see Map object names.- Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases. Warning If you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
- If the source and destination databases have the same schema, DTS does not migrate data records that have the same primary keys as data records in the destination database.
- If the source and destination databases have different schemas, only some columns are migrated or the data migration task fails. Proceed with caution.
Select Objects Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section and click the icon to add the objects to the Selected Objects section.
Note You can select columns, tables, or schemas as the objects to be migrated. If you select tables or columns as the objects to be migrated, DTS does not migrate other objects, such as views, triggers, or stored procedures, to the destination database.Selected Objects - To rename an object that you want to migrate to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map the name of a single object.
- To rename multiple objects at a time, click in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map multiple object names at a time.
Note If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be migrated.- To rename an object that you want to migrate to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map the name of a single object.
- To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map multiple object names at a time.
Note- If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be migrated.
- To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information, see Use SQL conditions to filter data.
- To select the DDL or DML operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the DML or DDL operations that you want to migrate. For more information about SQL operations that can be migrated, see SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated.
- Advanced settings
Parameter Description Set Alerts Specifies whether to set alerts for the data migration task. If the task fails or the migration latency exceeds the threshold, the alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values:- No: does not set alerts.
- Yes: sets alerts. If you select Yes, you must also set the alert threshold and alert contacts. For more information, see Configure monitoring and alerting when you create a DTS task.
Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance The capitalization of database names, table names, and column names in the destination instance. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can select other options to ensure that the capitalization of object names is consistent with the default capitalization of object names in the source or destination database. For more information, see Specify the capitalization of object names in the destination instance.
Copy the temporary table of the Online DDL tool that is generated in the source table to the destination database If you use Data Management (DMS) or the gh-ost tool to perform online DDL operations on the source database, you can specify whether to migrate the temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Valid values:Important You cannot use tools such as pt-online-schema-change to perform online DDL operations on the source database. Otherwise, the DTS task fails.- Yes: DTS migrates the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Note If online DDL operations generate a large amount of data, the data migration task may take an extended period of time to complete.
- No, Adapt to DMS Online DDL: DTS does not migrate the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL operations that are performed by using DMS are migrated. Note If you select this option, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
- No, Adapt to gh-ost: DTS does not migrate the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL operations that are performed by using the gh-ost tool are migrated. You can use the default or custom regular expressions to filter out the shadow tables of the gh-ost tool and tables that are not required. Note If you select this option, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
Retry Time for Failed Connections The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data migration task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.Note- If you set different retry time ranges for multiple data migration tasks that share the same source or destination database, the value that is set later takes precedence.
- If DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the operation of the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time based on your business needs and release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
- Basic settings
- In the lower part of the page, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck. Note
- Before you can start the data migration task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data migration task only after the task passes the precheck.
- If the task fails to pass the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you troubleshoot the issues based on the causes, run a precheck again.
- If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:
- If an alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issues. Then, run a precheck again.
- If an alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
- Wait until the Success Rate value becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
- On the Purchase Instance page, specify the Instance Class parameter for the data migration instance. The following table describes the parameter.
Section Parameter Description Parameters Instance Class DTS provides several instance classes that vary in the migration speed. You can select an instance class based on your business scenario. For more information, see Specifications of data migration instances.
- Read and select the check box to agree to Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
- Click Buy and Start to start the data migration task. You can view the progress of the task in the task list.