ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ provides a distributed transaction processing feature similar to eXtended Architecture (X/Open XA) to ensure transaction consistency in ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ. This topic provides sample code on how to send and receive transactional messages by using the HTTP client SDK for C#.
Background information
The following figure shows the interaction process of transactional messages.
For more information, see Transactional messages.
Prerequisites
Before you start, make sure that the following operations are performed:
Install the SDK for C#. For more information, see Prepare the environment.
Create the resources that you want to specify in the code in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. The resources include instances, topics, and consumer groups. For more information, see Create resources.
Obtain the AccessKey pair of your Alibaba Cloud account. For more information, see Create an AccessKey pair.
Send transactional messages
The following sample code provides an example on how to send transactional messages by using the HTTP client SDK for C#:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using Aliyun.MQ.Model;
using Aliyun.MQ.Model.Exp;
using Aliyun.MQ.Util;
namespace Aliyun.MQ.Sample
{
public class TransProducerSample
{
// The HTTP endpoint. You can obtain the endpoint in the HTTP Endpoint section of the Instance Details page in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console.
private const string _endpoint = "${HTTP_ENDPOINT}";
// Make sure that the environment variables ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID and ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET are configured.
// The AccessKey ID that is used for authentication.
private const string _accessKeyId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID");
// The AccessKey secret that is used for authentication.
private const string _secretAccessKey = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET");
// The topic in which the message is produced. You must create the topic in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console.
private const string _topicName = "${TOPIC}";
// The ID of the instance to which the topic belongs. You must create the instance in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console.
// If the instance has a namespace, specify the ID of the instance. If the instance does not have a namespace, set the instanceID parameter to null or an empty string. You can obtain the namespace of the instance on the Instance Details page in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console.
private const string _instanceId = "${INSTANCE_ID}";
// The ID of the consumer group that you created in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console.
private const string _groupId = "${GROUP_ID}";
private static readonly MQClient _client = new Aliyun.MQ.MQClient(_accessKeyId, _secretAccessKey, _endpoint);
private static readonly MQTransProducer transProducer = _client.GetTransProdcuer(_instanceId, _topicName, _groupId);
static void ProcessAckError(Exception exception)
{
// If the transactional message is committed or rolled back after the time specified by the TransCheckImmunityTime parameter for the handle of the transactional message elapses or after the timeout period specified for the handle of consumeHalfMessage elapses, the commit or rollback fails. In this example, the timeout period is specified as 10 seconds for the handle of consumeHalfMessage.
if (exception is AckMessageException)
{
AckMessageException ackExp = (AckMessageException)exception;
Console.WriteLine("Ack message fail, RequestId:" + ackExp.RequestId);
foreach (AckMessageErrorItem errorItem in ackExp.ErrorItems)
{
Console.WriteLine("\tErrorHandle:" + errorItem.ReceiptHandle + ",ErrorCode:" + errorItem.ErrorCode + ",ErrorMsg:" + errorItem.ErrorMessage);
}
}
}
static void ConsumeHalfMessage()
{
int count = 0;
while (true)
{
if (count == 3)
break;
try
{
// Check for half messages. This is similar to consuming normal messages.
List<Message> messages = null;
try
{
messages = transProducer.ConsumeHalfMessage(3, 3);
} catch (Exception exp1) {
if (exp1 is MessageNotExistException)
{
Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.Name + " No half message, " + ((MessageNotExistException)exp1).RequestId);
continue;
}
Console.WriteLine(exp1);
Thread.Sleep(2000);
}
if (messages == null)
continue;
// The message consumption logic.
foreach (Message message in messages)
{
Console.WriteLine(message);
int a = int.Parse(message.GetProperty("a"));
uint consumeTimes = message.ConsumedTimes;
try {
if (a == 1) {
// Confirm to commit the transactional message.
transProducer.Commit(message.ReceiptHandle);
count++;
Console.WriteLine("Id:" + message.Id + ", commit");
} else if (a == 2 && consumeTimes > 1) {
// Confirm to commit the transactional message.
transProducer.Commit(message.ReceiptHandle);
count++;
Console.WriteLine("Id:" + message.Id + ", commit");
} else if (a == 3) {
// Confirm to roll back the transactional message.
transProducer.Rollback(message.ReceiptHandle);
count++;
Console.WriteLine("Id:" + message.Id + ", rollback");
} else {
// Check the status next time.
Console.WriteLine("Id:" + message.Id + ", unkonwn");
}
} catch (Exception ackError) {
ProcessAckError(ackError);
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
Thread.Sleep(2000);
}
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// The client needs a thread or a process to process unacknowledged transactional messages.
// Start a thread to process unacknowledged transactional messages.
Thread consumeHalfThread = new Thread(ConsumeHalfMessage);
consumeHalfThread.Start();
try
{
// Cyclically send four transactional messages. Among the four messages, commit one message after the message is sent, and process the other three messages based on the specified conditions.
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
TopicMessage sendMsg = new TopicMessage("trans_msg");
sendMsg.MessageTag = "a";
sendMsg.MessageKey = "MessageKey";
sendMsg.PutProperty("a", i.ToString());
// The time interval between the sending time of the transactional message and the start time of the first check for the status of the local transaction. This time interval specifies the relative time when the status is first checked. Unit: seconds. Valid values: 10 to 300.
// If the message is not committed or rolled back after the first back-check for the status of the local transaction, the broker initiates a back-check request for the status of the local transaction every 10 seconds within 24 hours.
sendMsg.TransCheckImmunityTime = 10;
TopicMessage result = transProducer.PublishMessage(sendMsg);
Console.WriteLine("publis message success:" + result);
try {
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.ReceiptHandle) && i == 0)
{
// After the producer sends the transactional message, the broker obtains the handle of the half message that corresponds to the transactional message, and can directly commit or roll back the half message.
transProducer.Commit(result.ReceiptHandle);
Console.WriteLine("Id:" + result.Id + ", commit");
}
} catch (Exception ackError) {
ProcessAckError(ackError);
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
Console.Write(ex);
}
consumeHalfThread.Join();
}
}
}Subscribe to transactional messages
The following sample code provides an example on how to subscribe to transactional messages:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using Aliyun.MQ.Model;
using Aliyun.MQ.Model.Exp;
using Aliyun.MQ;
namespace Aliyun.MQ.Sample
{
public class ConsumerSample
{
// The HTTP endpoint. To obtain the HTTP endpoint, log on to the Message Queue for Apache RocketMQ console. In the left-side navigation pane, click Instances. On the Instances page, click the name of your instance. On the Instance Details page, scroll to the Basic Information section and view the endpoint on the Endpoints tab.
private const string _endpoint = "${HTTP_ENDPOINT}";
// The AccessKey ID is used as an identifier of Alibaba Cloud service users. For more information, see .
private const string _accessKeyId = "${ACCESS_KEY}";
// The AccessKey Secret is used to verify the identity of Alibaba Cloud service users. For more information, see .
private const string _secretAccessKey = "${SECRET_KEY}";
// The topic of the message. The topic must have been created in the Message Queue for Apache RocketMQ console.
private const string _topicName = "${TOPIC}";
// The ID of the instance to which the topic belongs. The instance must have been created in the Message Queue for Apache RocketMQ console.
// If the instance has a namespace, the instance ID must be passed in. If the instance does not have a namespace, pass in null or an empty string. Check whether your instance has a namespace on the Instance Details page in the Message Queue for Apache RocketMQ console.
private const string _instanceId = "${INSTANCE_ID}";
// The group ID that you created in the Message Queue for Apache RocketMQ console.
private const string _groupId = "${GROUP_ID}";
private static MQClient _client = new Aliyun.MQ.MQClient(_accessKeyId, _secretAccessKey, _endpoint);
static MQConsumer consumer = _client.GetConsumer(_instanceId, _topicName, _groupId, null);
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Cyclically consume messages in the current thread. We recommend that you use multiple threads to concurrently consume messages.
while (true)
{
try
{
// Consume messages in long polling mode.
// In long polling mode, if no message in the topic is available for consumption, the request is suspended on the broker for a specified period of time. If a message is available for consumption within the duration, a response is immediately sent to the consumer. In this example, the duration is 3 seconds.
List<Message> messages = null;
try
{
messages = consumer.ConsumeMessage(
3, // The maximum number of messages that can be consumed at a time. In this example, the value is set to 3. The largest value you can set is 16.
3 // The duration of a long polling cycle. Unit: seconds. In this example, the value is set to 3. The largest value you can set is 30.
);
}
catch (Exception exp1)
{
if (exp1 is MessageNotExistException)
{
Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.Name + " No new message, " + ((MessageNotExistException)exp1).RequestId);
continue;
}
Console.WriteLine(exp1);
Thread.Sleep(2000);
}
if (messages == null)
{
continue;
}
List<string> handlers = new List<string>();
Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.Name + " Receive Messages:");
// Specify the business processing logic.
foreach (Message message in messages)
{
Console.WriteLine(message);
Console.WriteLine("Property a is:" + message.GetProperty("a"));
handlers.Add(message.ReceiptHandle);
}
// If the broker does not receive an acknowledgment (ACK) from the consumer before the period of time specified by the Message.nextConsumeTime parameter elapses, the message will be consumed again.
// A unique timestamp is specified for the handle of a message each time the message is consumed.
try
{
consumer.AckMessage(handlers);
Console.WriteLine("Ack message success:");
foreach (string handle in handlers)
{
Console.Write("\t" + handle);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
catch (Exception exp2)
{
// The broker may fail to receive an ACK for a message from the consumer if the handle of the message times out.
if (exp2 is AckMessageException)
{
AckMessageException ackExp = (AckMessageException)exp2;
Console.WriteLine("Ack message fail, RequestId:" + ackExp.RequestId);
foreach (AckMessageErrorItem errorItem in ackExp.ErrorItems)
{
Console.WriteLine("\tErrorHandle:" + errorItem.ReceiptHandle + ",ErrorCode:" + errorItem.ErrorCode + ",ErrorMsg:" + errorItem.ErrorMessage);
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
Thread.Sleep(2000);
}
}
}
}
}