Use an ASM Serverless gateway to create a unified ingress for multiple clusters - Container Service for Kubernetes

Alibaba Cloud Service Mesh (ASM) routes inbound traffic through a single serverless ingress gateway to application services distributed across multiple Kubernetes clusters in the same Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). This architecture improves service availability and reduces computing resource costs.

Prerequisites

Two Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) clusters created in the same VPC. This tutorial uses clusters named m1c1 and m1c2. For more information, see Create an ACK dedicated cluster (discontinued) or Create an ACK managed cluster.

Note
When creating a cluster, use advanced security groups for simplified cross-cluster communication.
An ASM instance of v1.18.0.139 or later. This tutorial uses an ASM instance named mesh1. For more information, see Create an ASM instance.

Step 1: Verify cross-cluster communication

Two clusters in the same VPC communicate by default when both use advanced security groups. If either cluster uses a basic security group, or if the two security groups cannot communicate, configure security group rules to allow traffic between them. For more information, see Manage security group rules.

Step 2: Add the clusters to the ASM instance and create a serverless ingress gateway

Add both clusters to the ASM instance, then create a serverless ingress gateway.

Add the two clusters to the ASM instance. For more information, see Add a cluster to an ASM instance.

Create a serverless ingress gateway with the following YAML configuration. For more information, see Create an ingress gateway.

Serverless ingress gateway YAML

apiVersion: istio.alibabacloud.com/v1beta1
kind: IstioGateway
metadata:
  annotations:
    asm.alibabacloud.com/managed-by-asm: 'true'
  name: ingressgateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  gatewayType: ingress
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  hostNetwork: false
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 80
    - name: https
      port: 443
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 443
  replicaCount: 1
  resources:
    limits:
      cpu: '2'
      memory: 2G
    requests:
      cpu: 200m
      memory: 256Mi
  rollingMaxSurge: 100%
  rollingMaxUnavailable: 25%
  runAsRoot: true
  serviceType: LoadBalancer

Step 3: Deploy the Bookinfo application across clusters

Deploy the Bookinfo microservices across both clusters. Cluster m1c2 runs most services (details, ratings, reviews v1/v2, and productpage), while cluster m1c1 runs the v3 version of the reviews microservice and the ratings service.

Save the following content to a file named bookinfo-m1c2.yaml.

Note

The v3 version of the reviews microservice displays ratings as red stars.

bookinfo-m1c2.yaml

# Details service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: details
  labels:
    app: details
    service: details
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: details
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-details
  labels:
    account: details
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: details-v1
  labels:
    app: details
    version: v1
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: details
      version: v1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: details
        version: v1
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: bookinfo-details
      containers:
      - name: details
        image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-details-v1:1.15.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9080
---
# Ratings service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ratings
  labels:
    app: ratings
    service: ratings
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: ratings
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-ratings
  labels:
    account: ratings
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ratings-v1
  labels:
    app: ratings
    version: v1
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ratings
      version: v1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ratings
        version: v1
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: bookinfo-ratings
      containers:
      - name: ratings
        image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-ratings-v1:1.15.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9080
---
# Reviews service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: reviews
  labels:
    app: reviews
    service: reviews
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: reviews
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-reviews
  labels:
    account: reviews
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: reviews-v1
  labels:
    app: reviews
    version: v1
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: reviews
      version: v1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: reviews
        version: v1
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: bookinfo-reviews
      containers:
      - name: reviews
        image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v1:1.15.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9080
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: reviews-v2
  labels:
    app: reviews
    version: v2
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: reviews
      version: v2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: reviews
        version: v2
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: bookinfo-reviews
      containers:
      - name: reviews
        image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v2:1.15.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9080
---
# Productpage services
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: productpage
  labels:
    app: productpage
    service: productpage
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: productpage
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-productpage
  labels:
    account: productpage
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: productpage-v1
  labels:
    app: productpage
    version: v1
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: productpage
      version: v1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: productpage
        version: v1
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: bookinfo-productpage
      containers:
      - name: productpage
        image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-productpage-v1:1.15.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9080
---

Deploy the Bookinfo application (without the v3 reviews microservice) to the m1c2 cluster:
```
kubectl apply -f bookinfo-m1c2.yaml
```

Save the following content to a file named bookinfo-m1c1.yaml.

bookinfo-m1c1.yaml

# Reviews service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: reviews
  labels:
    app: reviews
    service: reviews
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: reviews
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-reviews
  labels:
    account: reviews
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: reviews-v3
  labels:
    app: reviews
    version: v3
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: reviews
      version: v3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: reviews
        version: v3
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: bookinfo-reviews
      containers:
      - name: reviews
        image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v3:1.15.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9080
---
# Ratings service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ratings
  labels:
    app: ratings
    service: ratings
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: ratings

Deploy the v3 reviews microservice and the ratings service to the m1c1 cluster:
```
kubectl apply -f bookinfo-m1c1.yaml
```

Step 4: Add a virtual service and an Istio gateway

Create a virtual service named bookinfo in the default namespace of the ASM instance. For more information, see Manage virtual services.

Virtual service YAML

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

Create an Istio gateway named bookinfo-gateway in the default namespace of the ASM instance. For more information, see Manage Istio gateways.

Istio gateway YAML

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "*"

Open a browser and go to http://{IP address of the serverless ingress gateway}/productpage. Refresh the page several times. Traffic distributes approximately 1:1:1 across the three versions of the reviews microservice (v1, v2, and v3). The v3 version works normally even though it runs in a different cluster than the other microservices.

(Optional) Step 5: Route all traffic to the v3 reviews microservice

Define a destination rule and a virtual service to route all requests to the v3 version of the reviews microservice.

Create a destination rule named reviews in the default namespace of the ASM instance. For more information, see Manage destination rules.

Destination rule YAML

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  host: reviews
  subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
  - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2
  - name: v3
    labels:
      version: v3

Create a virtual service named reviews in the default namespace of the ASM instance. For more information, see Manage virtual services.

Virtual service YAML

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3

Open a browser and go to http://{IP address of the serverless ingress gateway}/productpage. Refresh the page several times. All requests now route to the v3 version of the reviews microservice. Ratings appear as red stars.