Whenever you are training artificial intelligence (AI) models using an Alibaba Cloud Container Service for Kubernetes cluster constructed based on GPU ECS hosts, you need to know the GPU status of each pod. For example, you may need to know the video memory usage, GPU usage, and GPU temperature to ensure the stability of services. This document describes how to rapidly construct a GPU monitoring solution based on Prometheus and Grafana on Alibaba Cloud.
Prometheus is an open-source service monitoring system and a time series database. Since its inception in 2012 and open source placement on GitHub in 2015, Prometheus has attracted many companies and organizations. Prometheus joined the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) in 2016 as the second hosted project, after Kubernetes. It graduated from the CNCF in August, 2018.
As a next-generation open-source solution, Prometheus has a lot of O&M ideas that happen to coincide with those of Google SRE.
Prerequisites: You have created a Kubernetes cluster consisting of GPU ECS hosts through Container Service.
Log on to the Container Service console and select Container Service - Kubernetes. Choose Application > Deployment and click Create by Template.
Select your GPU cluster and namespace. (For example, you can select the kube-system namespace.) Fill the YAML configuration template to deploy Prometheus and GPU-Exporter.
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-env
data:
storage-retention: 360h
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: ["", "extensions", "apps"]
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/proxy
- services
- endpoints
- pods
- deployments
- services
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system # Change the namespace if you plan to use a different one.
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-deployment
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
template:
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
serviceAccount: prometheus
serviceAccountName: prometheus
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/prometheus:v2.2.0-rc.0
args:
- '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
- '--storage.tsdb.retention=$(STORAGE_RETENTION)'
- '--web.enable-lifecycle'
- '--storage.tsdb.no-lockfile'
- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 9090
env:
- name: STORAGE_RETENTION
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: prometheus-env
key: storage-retention
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/prometheus
- name: prometheus-data
mountPath: /prometheus
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: prometheus-configmap
- name: prometheus-data
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
name: prometheus-svc
kubernetes.io/name: "Prometheus"
name: prometheus-svc
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: prometheus
ports:
- name: prometheus
protocol: TCP
port: 9090
targetPort: 9090
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-configmap
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
rule_files:
- "/etc/prometheus-rules/*.rules"
scrape_configs:
- job_name: kubernetes-service-endpoints
scrape_interval: 10s
scrape_timeout: 10s
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- api_server: null
role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: (.+)(?::\d+);(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
If you use a namespace other than kube-system, you need to modify serviceAccount in ClusterRoleBinding in the YAML file.
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system # Change the namespace if you plan to use a different one.
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-gpu-exporter
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: node-gpu-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: node-gpu-exporter
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: aliyun.accelerator/nvidia_count
operator: Exists
hostPID: true
containers:
- name: node-gpu-exporter
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/gpu-prometheus-exporter:0.1-f48bc3c
imagePullPolicy: Always
env:
- name: MY_NODE_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: spec.nodeName
- name: MY_POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: MY_NODE_IP
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: status.hostIP
- name: EXCLUDE_PODS
value: $(MY_POD_NAME),nvidia-device-plugin-$(MY_NODE_NAME),nvidia-device-plugin-ctr
- name: CADVISOR_URL
value: http://$(MY_NODE_IP):10255
ports:
- containerPort: 9445
hostPort: 9445
resources:
requests:
memory: 30Mi
cpu: 100m
limits:
memory: 50Mi
cpu: 200m
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
name: node-gpu-exporter
labels:
app: node-gpu-exporter
k8s-app: node-gpu-exporter
spec:
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 9445
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: node-gpu-exporter
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/grafana:5.0.4-gpu-monitoring
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumes:
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 3000
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
k8s-app: grafana
Choose Application > Service. Select the corresponding cluster and the kube-system namespace, and click the external endpoint of monitoring-grafana. The logon page of Grafana is displayed. Log on to Grafana using the initial username and password, which are both admin. You can change the password or add other accounts after successful logon. On the Dashboard, you can view the node and pod GPU monitoring information.
If you already have Arena, use it to submit a training task.
arena submit tf --name=style-transfer \
--gpus=1 \
--workers=1 \
--workerImage=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/tensorflow-samples/neural-style:gpu \
--workingDir=/neural-style \
--ps=1 \
--psImage=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/tensorflow-samples/style-transfer:ps \
"python neural_style.py --styles /neural-style/examples/1-style.jpg --iterations 1000000"
NAME: style-transfer
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Sep 20 14:34:55 2018
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: DEPLOYED
RESOURCES:
==> v1alpha2/TFJob
NAME AGE
style-transfer-tfjob 0s
After the task is submitted, you can see the pod deployed through Arena and the pod GPU monitoring information.
You can also see the GPU and load information about each node.
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