对象存储 OSS：Python快速入门

前提条件

• 已注册阿里云账号。

• 已开通OSS服务。

• 已创建有OSS管理权限的RAM用户AccessKey。

  使用ROS脚本快速创建有OSS管理权限的RAM用户AccessKey

  在资源编排ROS控制台的创建资源栈页面的安全确认下，勾选确认，然后单击创建。

  

  创建完成后，在输出中，复制创建的AccessKey。

  

配置凭证

使用RAM用户AccessKey配置环境变量。

安装SDK

1. 已安装合适版本的Python运行环境，通过以下命令查看Python版本。

   OSS Python SDK适用于Python 2.6、2.7、3.3、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7、3.8及以上版本。

   python -version

   如果当前计算环境没有安装Python运行环境，请下载安装Python。

2. 安装OSS Python SDK。

   执行以下命令安装SDK。

   pip install oss2

运行示例

运行以下代码示例以体验OSS的完整使用流程：创建一个Bucket、上传文件、下载文件、列举文件以及删除文件和Bucket。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
from itertools import islice
import os
import logging
import time
import random

# 配置日志
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

# 检查环境变量是否已设置
required_env_vars = ['OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', 'OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']
for var in required_env_vars:
    if var not in os.environ:
        logging.error(f"Environment variable {var} is not set.")
        exit(1)

# 从环境变量中获取访问凭证
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# 设置Endpoint和Region
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
region = "cn-hangzhou"

def generate_unique_bucket_name():
    # 获取当前时间戳
    timestamp = int(time.time())
    # 生成0到9999之间的随机数
    random_number = random.randint(0, 9999)
    # 构建唯一的Bucket名称
    bucket_name = f"demo-{timestamp}-{random_number}"
    return bucket_name

# 生成唯一的Bucket名称
bucket_name = generate_unique_bucket_name()
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, bucket_name, region=region)

def create_bucket(bucket):
    try:
        bucket.create_bucket(oss2.models.BUCKET_ACL_PRIVATE)
        logging.info("Bucket created successfully")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to create bucket: {e}")

def upload_file(bucket, object_name, data):
    try:
        result = bucket.put_object(object_name, data)
        logging.info(f"File uploaded successfully, status code: {result.status}")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to upload file: {e}")

def download_file(bucket, object_name):
    try:
        file_obj = bucket.get_object(object_name)
        content = file_obj.read().decode('utf-8')
        logging.info("File content:")
        logging.info(content)
        return content
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to download file: {e}")

def list_objects(bucket):
    try:
        objects = list(islice(oss2.ObjectIterator(bucket), 10))
        for obj in objects:
            logging.info(obj.key)
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to list objects: {e}")

def delete_objects(bucket):
    try:
        objects = list(islice(oss2.ObjectIterator(bucket), 100))
        if objects:
            for obj in objects:
                bucket.delete_object(obj.key)
                logging.info(f"Deleted object: {obj.key}")
        else:
            logging.info("No objects to delete")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to delete objects: {e}")

def delete_bucket(bucket):
    try:
        bucket.delete_bucket()
        logging.info("Bucket deleted successfully")
    except oss2.exceptions.OssError as e:
        logging.error(f"Failed to delete bucket: {e}")

# 主流程
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 1. 创建Bucket
    create_bucket(bucket)
    # 2. 上传文件
    upload_file(bucket, 'test-string-file', b'Hello OSS, this is a test string.')
    # 3. 下载文件
    download_file(bucket, 'test-string-file')
    # 4. 列出Bucket中的对象
    list_objects(bucket)
    # 5. 删除Bucket中的对象
    delete_objects(bucket)
    # 6. 删除Bucket
    delete_bucket(bucket)