云数据库 MongoDB：通过程序代码连接MongoDB单节点实例

前提条件

• 获取云数据库MongoDB副本集实例连接地址。具体操作，请参见副本集实例连接说明。

• 根据您使用的语言下载并安装官方驱动程序。更多信息，请参见MongoDB Drivers 。

Node.js连接示例

Node.js驱动相关信息，请参见MongoDB Node.js Driver。

1. 在客户端执行如下命令，进行项目初始化。

   mkdir node-mongodb-demo
   cd node-mongodb-demo
   npm init

2. 执行如下命令，安装驱动包以及工具包。

   npm install mongodb node-uuid sprintf-js

3. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

4. Node.js Demo Code。

   const sprintf = require("sprintf-js").sprintf;
   const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
   const host1 = "dds-**********.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com";
   const port1 = 3717;
   const host2 = "dds-**********.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com";
   const port2 = 3717;
   //数据库账号为node-test
   const username = "node-test";
   const password = "*********";
   const replSetName = "mgset-*********";
   const demoDb = "test";
   const demoColl = "testColl";
   // 官方建议使用副本集地址，确保高可用。
   const url = sprintf("mongodb://%s:%s@%s:%d,%s:%d/admin?replicaSet=%s",
           username, password, host1, port1, host2, port2, replSetName);
   console.info("url:", url);
   const client = new MongoClient(url);
   // 获取mongoClient。
   async function run() {
       try {
           // 连接实例。
           await client.connect();
           // 取得数据库句柄。
           const database = client.db(demoDb);
           // 取得Collection句柄。
           const collection = database.collection(demoColl);
           const demoName = "Node For Demo";
           const doc = { "DEMO": demoName, "MESG": "Hello AliCoudDB For MongoDB" };
           console.info("ready insert document: ", doc);
           // 插入数据。
           const result = await collection.insertOne(doc);
           console.log(
               `A document was inserted with the _id: ${result.insertedId}`,
           );
           // 读取数据。
           const filter = { "DEMO": demoName };
           const findResult = await collection.find(filter);
           await findResult.forEach(console.dir);
         } finally {
             // 关闭连接。
             await client.close();
         }
   }
   run().catch(console.dir);

PHP连接示例

PHP相关信息，请参见MongoDB PHP Driver。

1. 安装驱动包以及工具包。

   $ pecl install mongodb
   $ echo "extension=mongodb.so" >> `php --ini | grep "Loaded Configuration" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"`
   $ composer require "mongodb/mongodb=^1.0.0"

2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

3. PHP Demo Code。

   <?php
   require 'vendor/autoload.php'; // include Composer goodies
   # 实例信息。
   $demo_seed1 = '**********.mongodb.test.aliyun-inc.com:3717';
   $demo_seed2 = '**********.mongodb.test.aliyun-inc.com:3717';
   $demo_replname = "mgset-**********";
   # 数据库账号为php-test
   $demo_user = 'php-test';
   $demo_password = '**********';
   $demo_db = 'admin';
   # 根据实例信息构造mongodb connection string。
   # mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],...[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]
   $demo_uri = 'mongodb://' . $demo_user . ':' . $demo_password . '@' .
       $demo_seed1 . ',' . $demo_seed2 . '/' . $demo_db . '?replicaSet=' . $demo_replname;
   $client = new MongoDB\Client($demo_uri);
   $collection = $client->testDb->testColl;
   $result = $collection->insertOne(['name' => 'ApsaraDB for Mongodb', 'desc' => 'Hello, Mongodb']);
   echo "Inserted with Object ID '{$result->getInsertedId()}'", "\n";
   $result = $collection->find(['name' => 'ApsaraDB for Mongodb']);
   foreach ($result as $entry) {
       echo $entry->_id, ': ', $entry->name, "\n";
   }
   ?>

Java连接示例

1. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

2. Java Demo Code。

   • Maven配置。

     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
             <artifactId>mongo-java-driver</artifactId>
             <version>3.12.10</version>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>

   • Java Code。

     import java.util.ArrayList;
     import java.util.List;
     import java.util.UUID;
     import org.bson.BsonDocument;
     import org.bson.BsonString;
     import org.bson.Document;
     import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
     import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
     import com.mongodb.MongoClientURI;
     import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
     import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
     import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
     import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
     import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
      public class Main {
             public static ServerAddress seed1 = new ServerAddress("**********.mongodb.tbc3.newtest.rdstest.aliyun-inc.com",
                             27017);
             public static ServerAddress seed2 = new ServerAddress("**********.mongodb.tbc3.newtest.rdstest.aliyun-inc.com",
                             27017);
             public static String username = "demouser";
             public static String password = "**********";
             public static String ReplSetName = "mgset-**********";
             public static String DEFAULT_DB = "admin";
             public static String DEMO_DB = "test";
             public static String DEMO_COLL = "testColl";
              public static MongoClient createMongoDBClient() {
                     // 构建Seed列表。
                     List<ServerAddress> seedList = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
                     seedList.add(seed1);
                     seedList.add(seed2);
                     // 构建鉴权信息。
                     List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
                     credentials.add(MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential(username, DEFAULT_DB,
                                     password.toCharArray()));
                     // 构建操作选项，requiredReplicaSetName属性外的选项根据自己的实际需求配置，默认参数满足大多数场景。
                     MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder().requiredReplicaSetName(ReplSetName)
                                     .socketTimeout(2000).connectionsPerHost(1).build();
                     return new MongoClient(seedList, credentials, options);
             }
              public static MongoClient createMongoDBClientWithURI() {
                     // 另一种通过URI初始化。
                     // mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],...[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]
                     MongoClientURI connectionString = new MongoClientURI("mongodb://" + username + ":" + password + "@"
                                     + seed1 + "," + seed2 + "/" + DEFAULT_DB + "?replicaSet=" + ReplSetName);
                     return new MongoClient(connectionString);
             }
              public static void main(String args[]) {
                     MongoClient client = createMongoDBClient();
                     // or
                     // MongoClient client = createMongoDBClientWithURI();
                     try {
                             // 取得Collection句柄。
                             MongoDatabase database = client.getDatabase(DEMO_DB);
                             MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection(DEMO_COLL);
                             // 插入数据。
                             Document doc = new Document();
                             String demoname = "JAVA:" + UUID.randomUUID();
                             doc.append("DEMO", demoname);
                             doc.append("MESG", "Hello AliCoudDB For MongoDB");
                             collection.insertOne(doc);
                             System.out.println("insert document: " + doc);
                             // 读取数据。
                             BsonDocument filter = new BsonDocument();
                             filter.append("DEMO", new BsonString(demoname));
                             MongoCursor<Document> cursor = collection.find(filter).iterator();
                             while (cursor.hasNext()) {
                                     System.out.println("find document: " + cursor.next());
                             }
                     } finally {
                             // 关闭Client，释放资源。
                             client.close();
                     }
                     return;
             }
     }

Python连接示例

相关文档： pymongo。

1. 安装pymongo。

   pip3 install pymongo

2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

3. Python Demo Code。

   import sys
   from pymongo import MongoClient
   uri = 'mongodb://%s:%s@dds-bp18365e467ea5c4****.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com:3717/admin'
   # 数据库账号为python-test
   username = 'python-test'
   password = 'MongoDB****'
   client = MongoClient(uri % (username, password))
   ret = client.admin.command('ping')['ok']
   if ret:
       print('ping successfully!')
   else:
       print('ping failed!')
       sys.exit(1)
   
   db = client['baz']
   coll = db['quz']
   uuid = coll.insert_one({'hello': 'world'}).inserted_id
   print('Id: %s' % uuid)
   ret = coll.find_one({"_id": uuid})
   print(ret)

C#连接示例

C#驱动相关信息，请参见MongoDB C# Driver。

1. 在客户端执行如下命令，安装如下驱动包。

   Install-Package mongocsharpdriver

2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

3. C# Demo Code。

   using MongoDB.Driver;
   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   
   namespace Aliyun
   {
       class Program
       {
           static void Main(string[] args)
           {
               //Mongo 实例信息。
               const string host1 = "dds-t4n**************.mongodb.singapore.rds.aliyuncs.com";
               const int port1 = 3717;
               const string host2 = "dds-t4n**************.mongodb.singapore.rds.aliyuncs.com";
               const int port2 = 3717;
               const string replicaSetName = "mgset-300******";
               const string admin = "admin";
               //数据库账号为c-test。
               const string userName = "c-test";
               const string passwd = "********";
   
               try
               {
                   Console.WriteLine("开始连接.......");
                   MongoClientSettings settings = new MongoClientSettings();
                   List<MongoServerAddress> servers = new List<MongoServerAddress>();
                   servers.Add(new MongoServerAddress(host1, port1));
                   servers.Add(new MongoServerAddress(host2, port2));
                   settings.Servers = servers;
                   //设置副本集名称。
                   settings.ReplicaSetName = replicaSetName;
                   //设置超时时间为3秒。
                   settings.ConnectTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 3, 0);
                   MongoCredential credentials = MongoCredential.CreateCredential(admin, userName, passwd);
                   settings.Credential = credentials;
                   MongoClient client = new MongoClient(settings);
                   var server = client.GetServer();
                   MongoDatabase database = server.GetDatabase("test");
                   var collection = database.GetCollection<User>("test_collection");
                   User user = new User();
                   user.id = "1";
                   user.name = "mongo_test";
                   user.sex = "女";
                   //插入数据user。
                   collection.Insert(user);
                   //获取一条数据。
                   User result = collection.FindOne();
                   Console.WriteLine("id:" + result.id + " name:" + result.name + " sex:"+result.sex);
                   Console.WriteLine("连接成功.........");
               }
               catch (Exception e)
               {
                   Console.WriteLine("连接异常:"+e.Message);
   
               }
           }
       }
       class User
       {
           public string id { set; get; }
           public string name { set; get; }
           public string sex { set; get; }
   
       }
   }

Go连接示例

Go驱动相关信息，请参见MongoDB Go Driver。

1. 安装如下驱动包。

   go get go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver

2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

3. Go Demo Code。

   package main
   
   import (
       "context"
       "fmt"
       "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
       "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
       "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
       "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/readconcern"
       "log"
   )
   
   func main() {
       // Create a Client to a MongoDB server and use Ping to verify that the
       // server is running.
       //数据库账号为go-test
       clientOpts := options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://go-test:****@dds-bp1*******.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com:3717/admin")
       client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), clientOpts)
       if err != nil {
           fmt.Println("connect failed!")
           log.Fatal(err)
           return
       }
       fmt.Println("connect successful!")
   
       defer func() {
           if err = client.Disconnect(context.TODO()); err != nil {
               fmt.Println("disconnect failed!")
               log.Fatal(err)
           }
           fmt.Println("disconnect successful!")
       }()
   
       // Call Ping to verify that the deployment is up and the Client was
       // configured successfully. As mentioned in the Ping documentation, this
       // reduces application resiliency as the server may be temporarily
       // unavailable when Ping is called.
       if err = client.Ping(context.TODO(), nil); err != nil {
           fmt.Println("ping failed!")
           log.Fatal(err)
           return
       }
       fmt.Println("ping successful!")
   
       // Specify the DefaultReadConcern option so any transactions started through
       // the session will have read concern majority.
       // The DefaultReadPreference and DefaultWriteConcern options aren't
       // specified so they will be inherited from client and be set to primary
       // and majority, respectively.
       opts := options.Session().SetDefaultReadConcern(readconcern.Majority())
       sess, err := client.StartSession(opts)
       if err != nil {
           fmt.Println("start session failed!")
           log.Fatal(err)
           return
       }
       defer func() {
           sess.EndSession(context.TODO())
           fmt.Println("end session!")
       }()
       fmt.Println("start session successful!")
   
       txnOpts := options.Transaction()
       result, err := sess.WithTransaction(
           context.TODO(),
           func(sessCtx mongo.SessionContext) (interface{}, error) {
               collection := client.Database("baz").Collection("qux")
               res, err := collection.InsertOne(context.Background(), bson.M{"hello": "world"})
               if err != nil {
                   fmt.Println("insert result failed!")
                   log.Fatal(err)
                   return nil, err
               }
               id := res.InsertedID
               fmt.Println("Id: ", id)
               fmt.Printf("insert result: %v\n", res)
   
               result := bson.M{}
               filter := bson.D{{"_id", res.InsertedID}}
               if err := collection.FindOne(context.Background(), filter).Decode(&result); err != nil {
                   fmt.Println("find failed!")
                   log.Fatal(err)
                   return nil, err
               }
               return result, err
           },
           txnOpts)
       if err == nil {
           fmt.Printf("result: %v\n", result)
       }
   }