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    云数据库 MongoDB：通过程序代码连接MongoDB单节点实例

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    云数据库 MongoDB：通过程序代码连接MongoDB单节点实例

    更新时间：Dec 11, 2024

    云数据库MongoDB版完全兼容MongoDB协议，本文为您介绍使用不同语言的程序代码来连接MongoDB单节点实例。

    前提条件

    Node.js连接示例

    Node.js驱动相关信息，请参见MongoDB Node.js Driver。

    1. 在客户端执行如下命令，进行项目初始化。 

      mkdir node-mongodb-demo
cd node-mongodb-demo
npm init

    2. 执行如下命令，安装驱动包以及工具包。 

      npm install mongodb node-uuid sprintf-js

    3. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

    4. Node.js Demo Code。

      const sprintf = require("sprintf-js").sprintf;
const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const host1 = "dds-**********.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com";
const port1 = 3717;
const host2 = "dds-**********.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com";
const port2 = 3717;
//数据库账号为node-test
const username = "node-test";
const password = "*********";
const replSetName = "mgset-*********";
const demoDb = "test";
const demoColl = "testColl";
// 官方建议使用副本集地址，确保高可用。
const url = sprintf("mongodb://%s:%s@%s:%d,%s:%d/admin?replicaSet=%s",
        username, password, host1, port1, host2, port2, replSetName);
console.info("url:", url);
const client = new MongoClient(url);
// 获取mongoClient。
async function run() {
    try {
        // 连接实例。
        await client.connect();
        // 取得数据库句柄。
        const database = client.db(demoDb);
        // 取得Collection句柄。
        const collection = database.collection(demoColl);
        const demoName = "Node For Demo";
        const doc = { "DEMO": demoName, "MESG": "Hello AliCoudDB For MongoDB" };
        console.info("ready insert document: ", doc);
        // 插入数据。
        const result = await collection.insertOne(doc);
        console.log(
            `A document was inserted with the _id: ${result.insertedId}`,
        );
        // 读取数据。
        const filter = { "DEMO": demoName };
        const findResult = await collection.find(filter);
        await findResult.forEach(console.dir);
      } finally {
          // 关闭连接。
          await client.close();
      }
}
run().catch(console.dir);

    PHP连接示例

    PHP相关信息，请参见MongoDB PHP Driver。

    1. 安装驱动包以及工具包。 

      $ pecl install mongodb
$ echo "extension=mongodb.so" >> `php --ini | grep "Loaded Configuration" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"`
$ composer require "mongodb/mongodb=^1.0.0"

    2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

    3. PHP Demo Code。 

      <?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php'; // include Composer goodies
# 实例信息。
$demo_seed1 = '**********.mongodb.test.aliyun-inc.com:3717';
$demo_seed2 = '**********.mongodb.test.aliyun-inc.com:3717';
$demo_replname = "mgset-**********";
# 数据库账号为php-test
$demo_user = 'php-test';
$demo_password = '**********';
$demo_db = 'admin';
# 根据实例信息构造mongodb connection string。
# mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],...[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]
$demo_uri = 'mongodb://' . $demo_user . ':' . $demo_password . '@' .
    $demo_seed1 . ',' . $demo_seed2 . '/' . $demo_db . '?replicaSet=' . $demo_replname;
$client = new MongoDB\Client($demo_uri);
$collection = $client->testDb->testColl;
$result = $collection->insertOne(['name' => 'ApsaraDB for Mongodb', 'desc' => 'Hello, Mongodb']);
echo "Inserted with Object ID '{$result->getInsertedId()}'", "\n";
$result = $collection->find(['name' => 'ApsaraDB for Mongodb']);
foreach ($result as $entry) {
    echo $entry->_id, ': ', $entry->name, "\n";
}
?>

    Java连接示例

    相关链接：

    1. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

    2. Java Demo Code。

      • Maven配置。 

        <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
        <artifactId>mongo-java-driver</artifactId>
        <version>3.12.10</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

      • Java Code。 

        import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.bson.BsonDocument;
import org.bson.BsonString;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
import com.mongodb.MongoClientURI;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
 public class Main {
        public static ServerAddress seed1 = new ServerAddress("**********.mongodb.tbc3.newtest.rdstest.aliyun-inc.com",
                        27017);
        public static ServerAddress seed2 = new ServerAddress("**********.mongodb.tbc3.newtest.rdstest.aliyun-inc.com",
                        27017);
        public static String username = "demouser";
        public static String password = "**********";
        public static String ReplSetName = "mgset-**********";
        public static String DEFAULT_DB = "admin";
        public static String DEMO_DB = "test";
        public static String DEMO_COLL = "testColl";
         public static MongoClient createMongoDBClient() {
                // 构建Seed列表。
                List<ServerAddress> seedList = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
                seedList.add(seed1);
                seedList.add(seed2);
                // 构建鉴权信息。
                List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
                credentials.add(MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential(username, DEFAULT_DB,
                                password.toCharArray()));
                // 构建操作选项，requiredReplicaSetName属性外的选项根据自己的实际需求配置，默认参数满足大多数场景。
                MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder().requiredReplicaSetName(ReplSetName)
                                .socketTimeout(2000).connectionsPerHost(1).build();
                return new MongoClient(seedList, credentials, options);
        }
         public static MongoClient createMongoDBClientWithURI() {
                // 另一种通过URI初始化。
                // mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],...[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]
                MongoClientURI connectionString = new MongoClientURI("mongodb://" + username + ":" + password + "@"
                                + seed1 + "," + seed2 + "/" + DEFAULT_DB + "?replicaSet=" + ReplSetName);
                return new MongoClient(connectionString);
        }
         public static void main(String args[]) {
                MongoClient client = createMongoDBClient();
                // or
                // MongoClient client = createMongoDBClientWithURI();
                try {
                        // 取得Collection句柄。
                        MongoDatabase database = client.getDatabase(DEMO_DB);
                        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection(DEMO_COLL);
                        // 插入数据。
                        Document doc = new Document();
                        String demoname = "JAVA:" + UUID.randomUUID();
                        doc.append("DEMO", demoname);
                        doc.append("MESG", "Hello AliCoudDB For MongoDB");
                        collection.insertOne(doc);
                        System.out.println("insert document: " + doc);
                        // 读取数据。
                        BsonDocument filter = new BsonDocument();
                        filter.append("DEMO", new BsonString(demoname));
                        MongoCursor<Document> cursor = collection.find(filter).iterator();
                        while (cursor.hasNext()) {
                                System.out.println("find document: " + cursor.next());
                        }
                } finally {
                        // 关闭Client，释放资源。
                        client.close();
                }
                return;
        }
}

    Python连接示例

    相关文档： pymongo。

    1. 安装pymongo。 

      pip3 install pymongo

    2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

    3. Python Demo Code。 

      import sys
from pymongo import MongoClient
uri = 'mongodb://%s:%s@dds-bp18365e467ea5c4****.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com:3717/admin'
# 数据库账号为python-test，鉴权数据库为admin
username = 'python-test'
password = 'MongoDB****'
client = MongoClient(uri % (username, password))
ret = client.admin.command('ping')['ok']
if ret:
    print('ping successfully!')
else:
    print('ping failed!')
    sys.exit(1)

db = client['baz']
coll = db['quz']
uuid = coll.insert_one({'hello': 'world'}).inserted_id
print('Id: %s' % uuid)
ret = coll.find_one({"_id": uuid})
print(ret)

    C#连接示例

    C#驱动相关信息，请参见MongoDB C# Driver。

    1. 在客户端执行如下命令，安装如下驱动包。 

      Install-Package mongocsharpdriver

    2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

    3. C# Demo Code。 

      using MongoDB.Driver;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Aliyun
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Mongo 实例信息。
            const string host1 = "dds-t4n**************.mongodb.singapore.rds.aliyuncs.com";
            const int port1 = 3717;
            const string host2 = "dds-t4n**************.mongodb.singapore.rds.aliyuncs.com";
            const int port2 = 3717;
            const string replicaSetName = "mgset-300******";
            const string admin = "admin";
            //数据库账号为c-test。
            const string userName = "c-test";
            const string passwd = "********";

            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("开始连接.......");
                MongoClientSettings settings = new MongoClientSettings();
                List<MongoServerAddress> servers = new List<MongoServerAddress>();
                servers.Add(new MongoServerAddress(host1, port1));
                servers.Add(new MongoServerAddress(host2, port2));
                settings.Servers = servers;
                //设置副本集名称。
                settings.ReplicaSetName = replicaSetName;
                //设置超时时间为3秒。
                settings.ConnectTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 3, 0);
                MongoCredential credentials = MongoCredential.CreateCredential(admin, userName, passwd);
                settings.Credential = credentials;
                MongoClient client = new MongoClient(settings);
                var server = client.GetServer();
                MongoDatabase database = server.GetDatabase("test");
                var collection = database.GetCollection<User>("test_collection");
                User user = new User();
                user.id = "1";
                user.name = "mongo_test";
                user.sex = "女";
                //插入数据user。
                collection.Insert(user);
                //获取一条数据。
                User result = collection.FindOne();
                Console.WriteLine("id:" + result.id + " name:" + result.name + " sex:"+result.sex);
                Console.WriteLine("连接成功.........");
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("连接异常:"+e.Message);

            }
        }
    }
    class User
    {
        public string id { set; get; }
        public string name { set; get; }
        public string sex { set; get; }

    }
}

    Go连接示例

    Go驱动相关信息，请参见MongoDB Go Driver。

    1. 安装如下驱动包。

      go get go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver

    2. 获取云数据库MongoDB单节点实例连接信息。

    3. Go Demo Code。

      package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/readconcern"
    "log"
)

func main() {
    // Create a Client to a MongoDB server and use Ping to verify that the
    // server is running.
    //数据库账号为go-test，鉴权数据库为admin
    clientOpts := options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://go-test:****@dds-bp1*******.mongodb.rds.aliyuncs.com:3717/admin")
    client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), clientOpts)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("connect failed!")
        log.Fatal(err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("connect successful!")

    defer func() {
        if err = client.Disconnect(context.TODO()); err != nil {
            fmt.Println("disconnect failed!")
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
        fmt.Println("disconnect successful!")
    }()

    // Call Ping to verify that the deployment is up and the Client was
    // configured successfully. As mentioned in the Ping documentation, this
    // reduces application resiliency as the server may be temporarily
    // unavailable when Ping is called.
    if err = client.Ping(context.TODO(), nil); err != nil {
        fmt.Println("ping failed!")
        log.Fatal(err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("ping successful!")

    // Specify the DefaultReadConcern option so any transactions started through
    // the session will have read concern majority.
    // The DefaultReadPreference and DefaultWriteConcern options aren't
    // specified so they will be inherited from client and be set to primary
    // and majority, respectively.
    opts := options.Session().SetDefaultReadConcern(readconcern.Majority())
    sess, err := client.StartSession(opts)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("start session failed!")
        log.Fatal(err)
        return
    }
    defer func() {
        sess.EndSession(context.TODO())
        fmt.Println("end session!")
    }()
    fmt.Println("start session successful!")

    txnOpts := options.Transaction()
    result, err := sess.WithTransaction(
        context.TODO(),
        func(sessCtx mongo.SessionContext) (interface{}, error) {
            collection := client.Database("baz").Collection("qux")
            res, err := collection.InsertOne(context.Background(), bson.M{"hello": "world"})
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println("insert result failed!")
                log.Fatal(err)
                return nil, err
            }
            id := res.InsertedID
            fmt.Println("Id: ", id)
            fmt.Printf("insert result: %v\n", res)

            result := bson.M{}
            filter := bson.D{{"_id", res.InsertedID}}
            if err := collection.FindOne(context.Background(), filter).Decode(&result); err != nil {
                fmt.Println("find failed!")
                log.Fatal(err)
                return nil, err
            }
            return result, err
        },
        txnOpts)
    if err == nil {
        fmt.Printf("result: %v\n", result)
    }
}

    常见问题

    如何排查程序代码连接实例时报错？

    通过程序代码连接实例时报错，您可以从以下两个方面排查：

    • 网络互通。您可以通过MongoShell连接实例，测试网络连通性。具体操作，请参见通过Mongo Shell连接MongoDB单节点实例。

    • 代码问题。在确认网络通畅后，请检查代码以及运行环境配置是否存在问题。