通过SDK创建并使用ECS实例 - 云服务器 ECS

阿里云ECS提供多种API和SDK，让您可以通过编程创建和管理ECS实例，提高业务效率，实现系统自动化。本文介绍了如何利用V2.0 Java SDK创建ECS实例，借助云助手API执行脚本以及释放资源等操作。

准备工作

由于阿里云账号（主账号）拥有资源的所有权限，其AccessKey一旦泄露风险巨大，所以建议您使用满足最小化权限需求的RAM用户的AccessKey。获取方法请参见创建AccessKey。
给RAM用户授予操作云服务器ECS和专有网络VPC相关资源的权限。本文提供的示例代码需要创建实例、VPC、交换机等资源，建议授予以下权限：
云产品
授予权限
专有网络VPC
本示例选择系统策略：AliyunVPCFullAccess
云服务器ECS
本示例选择系统策略：AliyunECSFullAccess
本文示例代码会在系统环境变量中读取AccessKey作为访问云服务的凭证，具体操作步骤请参见在Linux、macOS和Windows系统配置环境变量。

获取ECS SDK和VPC SDK，本文通过添加Maven依赖的方式来安装。更多安装方式，请参见安装ECS Java SDK和安装VPC Java SDK。

添加Maven依赖的示例如下：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
        <artifactId>ecs20140526</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
        <artifactId>vpc20160428</artifactId>
        <version>7.12.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

创建ECS实例

创建ECS实例时有很多必填参数，包括交换机ID、安全组、镜像等。您可以传入已经准备好的资源ID，或者调用以下OpenAPI创建对应资源。

创建VPC
VPC是一种专有的云上私有网络，允许用户在公共云上配置和管理一个逻辑隔离的网络区域。
API
参数
示例取值
CreateVpc
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
CidrBlock
VPC网段：192.168.0.0/16
查询VPC信息
在调用CreateVpc之后，VPC需要一段配置时间，您可以调用该OpenAPI查询VPC的状态。当VPC的状态处于Available（可用）时，请再调用后续OpenAPI。
API
参数
示例取值
DescribeVpcs
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
VpcId
VPC的ID：vpc-bp1aag0sb9s4i92i3****
创建交换机
交换机是一种在虚拟化环境中使用的网络交换设备，它模拟了物理交换机的功能，使虚拟机（VMs）之间以及虚拟机与物理网络之间可以进行通信。
API
参数
示例取值
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
CreateVSwitch
ZoneId
可用区：cn-hangzhou-i
VpcId
VPC ID：vpc-bp1aag0sb9s4i92i3****
CidrBlock
交换机网段：192.168.0.0/24
创建安全组
安全组是一种虚拟防火墙，能够控制ECS实例的出入方向流量。
API
参数
示例取值
CreateSecurityGroup
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
VpcId
VPC ID：vpc-bp1aag0sb9s4i92i3****

给安全组添加防护规则

API	参数	示例取值
AuthorizeSecurityGroup	RegionId	地域：cn-hangzhou
	SecurityGroupId	安全组ID：sg-bp1esyhwfbqeyudt****
	IpProtocol	协议：tcp
	SourceCidrIp	源CIDR：0.0.0.0/0
	PortRange	端口范围： Linux实例：22/22 Windows实例：3389/3389

创建SSH密钥对
阿里云SSH密钥对是一种安全便捷的登录认证方式，用于在SSH协议中进行身份验证和加密通信。通过SSH密钥对，您可以实现免密码远程登录。
API
参数
示例取值
CreateKeyPair
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
KeyPairName
密钥对名称：sdk-key-pair

创建ECS实例

使用ECS您可以快速部署和运行应用程序，灵活调整资源以应对业务变化，同时享受高性能、高安全性和低成本的计算能力，适用于网站托管、应用开发、数据处理等多种场景。

API	参数	示例取值
RunInstances	RegionId	地域：cn-hangzhou
	ImageId	镜像：推荐使用Alibaba Cloud Linux镜像aliyun_3_x64_20G_scc_alibase_20220225.vhd。
	InstanceType	实例规格： ecs.e-c1m2.xlarge。
	SecurityGroupId	安全组ID：sg-bp1esyhwfbqeyudt****
	VSwitchId	交换机ID：vsw-bp1nzprm8h7mmnl8t****
	InstanceName	实例名称：sdk-test
	InstanceChargeType	付费方式：实例按照按量付费的方式PostPaid 说明您需要确保账号余额能够完成支付。
	KeyPairName	密钥对名称：sdk-key-pair
	SystemDisk.Category	系统盘的云盘种类：cloud_essd

查询ECS实例状态
在调用RunInstances后，ECS实例需要一定的启动时间。仅当ECS实例状态达到Running时，才能通过远程连接等方式登录到实例，以进行各种操作和应用程序的部署。您可以调用该OpenAPI查询ECS实例的状态。
API
参数
示例取值
DescribeInstanceStatus
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
InstanceId
实例ID集合：["i-bp17f3kzgtzzj91r****"]

完整的示例代码如下：

import com.aliyun.ecs20140526.models.*;
import com.aliyun.teaopenapi.models.Config;
import com.aliyun.vpc20160428.models.CreateVSwitchRequest;
import com.aliyun.vpc20160428.models.CreateVSwitchResponse;
import com.aliyun.vpc20160428.models.CreateVpcRequest;
import com.aliyun.vpc20160428.models.CreateVpcResponse;
import com.aliyun.vpc20160428.models.DescribeVpcsRequest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class EcsDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String vpcId = null;
        String vSwitchId = null;
        String securityGroupId = null;
        String instanceId = null;
        com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client vpcClient = null;
        com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient = null;
        try {
            vpcClient = createVpcClient();
            ecsClient = createEcsClient();
            // 创建VPC
            vpcId = createVpc(vpcClient);
            System.out.println("VPC create success, vpcId :" + vpcId);
            // 当VPC的状态为Available时，继续后续步骤
            while (true) {
                String status = describeVpc(vpcId, vpcClient);
                if ("Available".equals(status)) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            // 创建交换机
            vSwitchId = CreateVSwitch(vpcId, vpcClient);
            System.out.println("VSwitch create success, vSwitchId :" + vSwitchId);
            // 创建安全组
            securityGroupId = createSecurityGroup(vpcId, ecsClient);
            System.out.println("SecurityGroup create success, securityGroupId :" + securityGroupId);
            // 添加安全组入方向规则
            authorizeSecurityGroup(securityGroupId, ecsClient);
            // 创建密钥对。注意：保存密钥对的信息，用于登录ECS
            CreateKeyPairResponse keyPair = createKeyPair(ecsClient);
            System.out.println("KeyPair create success, keyPairName :" + keyPair.body.keyPairName);
            // 创建实例，当ECS实例状态为Running时，表示ECS已经处于运行中
            instanceId = createInstance(ecsClient, vSwitchId, securityGroupId);
            System.out.println("ECS create success, instanceId :" + instanceId);
            while (true) {
                List<String> instanceIds = new ArrayList<>();
                instanceIds.add(instanceId);
                DescribeInstanceStatusResponse describeInstanceStatus = describeInstanceStatus(instanceIds, ecsClient);
                List<DescribeInstanceStatusResponseBody.DescribeInstanceStatusResponseBodyInstanceStatusesInstanceStatus> instanceStatusList = describeInstanceStatus.body.instanceStatuses.instanceStatus;
                if (instanceStatusList != null && !instanceStatusList.isEmpty()) {
                    String status = instanceStatusList.get(0).status;
                    if ("Running".equals(status)) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 当面对部分资源创建成功而其他资源创建失败的情况时，需要增加合理的处理机制，例如记录日志、回滚机制、补偿机制等。
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static class Constants {
        // 名称
        public static final String NAME = "sdk-test";
        // 地域
        public static final String REGION_ID = "cn-hangzhou";
        // 可用区
        public static final String ZONE_ID = "cn-hangzhou-i";
        // 创建的VPC网络和交换机网段
        public static final String CIDR_BLOCK_VPC = "192.168.0.0/16";
        public static final String CIDR_BLOCK_VSWITCH = "192.168.0.0/24";
        // 镜像
        public static final String IMAGE_ID = "aliyun_3_x64_20G_scc_alibase_20220225.vhd";
        // 实例规格
        public static final String INSTANCE_TYPE = "ecs.e-c1m2.xlarge";
        // 磁盘类型
        public static final String SYSTEM_DISK_CATEGORY = "cloud_essd";

        // 密钥对名称
        public static final String KEY_PAIR_NAME = "sdk-key-pair";

        // 服务接入点
        public static final class ENDPOINT {
            public static final String VPC = "vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
            public static final String ECS = "ecs.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        }

        // 付费类型
        public static final class INSTANCE_CHARGE_TYPE {
            // 包年包月
            public static final String PRE_PAID = "PrePaid";
            // 按量付费
            public static final String POST_PAID = "PostPaid";
        }
    }

    public static com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client createVpcClient() throws Exception {
        Config config = new Config();
        config.setAccessKeyId(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"));
        config.setAccessKeySecret(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET"));
        config.endpoint = Constants.ENDPOINT.VPC;
        return new com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client(config);
    }

    public static com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client createEcsClient() throws Exception {
        Config config = new Config();
        config.setAccessKeyId(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"));
        config.setAccessKeySecret(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET"));
        config.endpoint = Constants.ENDPOINT.ECS;
        return new com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client(config);
    }

    /**
     * 创建VPC（虚拟私有云）网络
     * 该方法通过调用阿里云VPC服务的API来创建一个VPC网络，并返回新创建VPC的ID
     *
     * @param vpcClient VPC客户端
     * @return 返回新创建的VPC的ID
     */
    public static String createVpc(com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client vpcClient) {
        try {
            CreateVpcRequest createVpcRequest = new CreateVpcRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setCidrBlock(Constants.CIDR_BLOCK_VPC)
                    .setVpcName(Constants.NAME);
            CreateVpcResponse vpc = vpcClient.createVpc(createVpcRequest);
            return vpc.body.vpcId;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("createVpc failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建VSwitch（虚拟交换机）.
     * 该方法负责通过阿里云VPC客户端创建一个新的VSwitch. 它配置了必要的请求参数，如区域ID、可用区ID、
     * CIDR段、VPC ID和VSwitch名称，然后发送请求并返回新创建VSwitch的ID.
     *
     * @param vpcId     VPC的ID，标识要在其中创建VSwitch的VPC
     * @param vpcClient VPC客户端
     * @return 返回新创建的VSwitch的ID
     */
    public static String CreateVSwitch(String vpcId, com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client vpcClient) {
        try {
            CreateVSwitchRequest createVSwitchRequest = new CreateVSwitchRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setZoneId(Constants.ZONE_ID)
                    .setCidrBlock(Constants.CIDR_BLOCK_VSWITCH)
                    .setVpcId(vpcId)
                    .setVSwitchName(Constants.NAME);
            CreateVSwitchResponse vSwitch = vpcClient.createVSwitch(createVSwitchRequest);
            return vSwitch.body.vSwitchId;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("CreateVSwitch failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建安全组
     *
     * @param vpcId     专有网络的ID
     * @param ecsClient ECS客户端
     * @return 创建的安全组的ID
     */
    public static String createSecurityGroup(String vpcId, com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient) {
        try {
            CreateSecurityGroupRequest createSecurityGroupRequest = new CreateSecurityGroupRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setVpcId(vpcId)
                    .setSecurityGroupName(Constants.NAME);
            CreateSecurityGroupResponse securityGroup = ecsClient.createSecurityGroup(createSecurityGroupRequest);
            return securityGroup.body.securityGroupId;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("createSecurityGroup failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 授权安全组规则，以允许特定的入站流量
     * 例如：允许TCP协议的22端口（SSH）从任何IP地址（0.0.0.0/0）访问。
     *
     * @param securityGroupId 安全组的ID，用于标识哪个安全组的规则需要被授权。
     * @param ecsClient       ECS客户端
     */
    public static void authorizeSecurityGroup(String securityGroupId, com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient) {
        try {
            AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequest.AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequestPermissions permission = new AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequest.AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequestPermissions()
                    .setIpProtocol("tcp")
                    .setPortRange("22/22")
                    .setSourceCidrIp("0.0.0.0/0");
            List<AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequest.AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequestPermissions> permissions = new ArrayList<>();
            permissions.add(permission);
            AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequest authorizeSecurityGroupRequest = new AuthorizeSecurityGroupRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setSecurityGroupId(securityGroupId)
                    .setPermissions(permissions);

            ecsClient.authorizeSecurityGroup(authorizeSecurityGroupRequest);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("authorizeSecurityGroup failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建ECS实例
     *
     * @param ecsClient       ECS客户端
     * @param vSwitchId       交换机ID
     * @param securityGroupId 安全组ID
     * @return 新创建的ECS实例的ID
     */
    public static String createInstance(com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient, String vSwitchId, String securityGroupId) {
        try {
            RunInstancesRequest.RunInstancesRequestSystemDisk systemDisk = new RunInstancesRequest.RunInstancesRequestSystemDisk()
                    .setCategory(Constants.SYSTEM_DISK_CATEGORY);
            RunInstancesRequest runInstancesRequest = new RunInstancesRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setImageId(Constants.IMAGE_ID)
                    .setInstanceType(Constants.INSTANCE_TYPE)
                    .setSecurityGroupId(securityGroupId)
                    .setVSwitchId(vSwitchId)
                    .setInstanceChargeType(Constants.INSTANCE_CHARGE_TYPE.POST_PAID)
                    .setInstanceName(Constants.NAME)
                    .setInternetMaxBandwidthOut(1)
                    .setSystemDisk(systemDisk)
                    .setKeyPairName(Constants.KEY_PAIR_NAME);
            RunInstancesResponse resp = ecsClient.runInstances(runInstancesRequest);
            return resp.body.getInstanceIdSets().getInstanceIdSet().get(0);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("createInstance failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 使用指定的安全组ID创建密钥对
     *
     * @param ecsClient ECS客户端
     * @return 返回创建密钥对的响应对象
     */
    public static CreateKeyPairResponse createKeyPair(com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient) {
        try {
            // 创建一个创建密钥对的请求对象，并设置区域ID、密钥对名称和资源组ID
            CreateKeyPairRequest createKeyPairRequest = new CreateKeyPairRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setKeyPairName(Constants.KEY_PAIR_NAME);
            // 通过ECS客户端发送创建密钥对的请求，并返回响应对象
            return ecsClient.createKeyPair(createKeyPairRequest);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 如果创建密钥对失败，则抛出运行时异常，包含错误信息
            throw new RuntimeException("createKeyPair failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 查询VPC状态
     *
     * @param vpcId     VPC的ID
     * @param vpcClient VPC客户端
     * @return 返回VPC的状态信息
     */
    public static String describeVpc(String vpcId, com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client vpcClient) {
        try {
            DescribeVpcsRequest request = new DescribeVpcsRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setVpcId(vpcId);
            return vpcClient.describeVpcs(request).body.vpcs.getVpc().get(0).status;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 如果发生异常，抛出自定义异常
            throw new RuntimeException("describeVpc failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根据实例ID列表查询ECS实例信息
     *
     * @param instanceIds 实例ID列表
     * @param ecsClient   ECS客户端
     * @return 返回查询到的实例状态信息响应对象
     */
    public static DescribeInstanceStatusResponse describeInstanceStatus(List<String> instanceIds, com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient) {
        try {
            DescribeInstanceStatusRequest request = new DescribeInstanceStatusRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setInstanceId(instanceIds);
            return ecsClient.describeInstanceStatus(request);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("describeInstanceStatus failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

免登录运维

您可以通过云服务器ECS提供的原生自动化运维工具云助手，免密码、免登录，且无需使用跳板机，即可批量执行命令（Shell、PowerShell、Bat等），从而实现自动化运维脚本的执行、进程的轮询、软件的安装与卸载、服务的启动或停止，以及补丁或安全更新的安装等任务。更多详细信息，请参见云助手概述。

例如在ECS中安装Java和Tomcat，您可以调用RunCommand接口执行命令：

API	参数	示例取值
RunCommand	RegionId	地域：cn-hangzhou
	Type	运维命令的语言类型：RunShellScript
	CommandContent	命令内容： `#!/bin/bash if cat /etc/issue\|grep -i Ubuntu ; then sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y default-jdk sudo apt-get install -y tomcat9 else yum install -y java yum install -y tomcat fi`
	Timeout	可选，执行命令的超时时间，单位：秒。示例：60
	InstanceId	ECS实例ID集合：["i-bp17f3kzgtzzj91r****"]

完整的示例代码如下

import com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client;
import com.aliyun.ecs20140526.models.RunCommandRequest;
import com.aliyun.ecs20140526.models.RunCommandResponse;
import com.aliyun.teaopenapi.models.Config;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class CloudAssistant {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Client ecsClient = createEcsClient();
        List<String> instanceIds = new ArrayList<>();
        instanceIds.add("i-bp17f3kzgtzzj91r****");
        String commandContent = "#!/bin/bash\n" +
                "if cat /etc/issue|grep -i Ubuntu ; then\n" +
                "\tsudo apt-get update\n" +
                "\tsudo apt-get install -y default-jdk\n" +
                "\tsudo apt-get install -y tomcat9\n" +
                "else\n" +
                "  yum install -y java\n" +
                "\tyum install -y tomcat\n" +
                "fi";
        System.out.println("commandContent：" + commandContent);
        runCommand(commandContent, instanceIds, ecsClient);
    }

    public static class Constants {
        // 地域
        public static final String REGION_ID = "cn-hangzhou";

        // 服务接入点
        public static final class ENDPOINT {
            public static final String VPC = "vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
            public static final String ECS = "ecs.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        }

        // 命令类型
        public static final class COMMAND_TYPE {
            // 适用于Linux实例的Shell命令。
            public static final String RUN_SHELL_SCRIPT = "RunShellScript";
            // 适用于Windows实例的Bat命令。
            public static final String RUN_BAT_SCRIPT = "RunBatScript";
            // 适用于Windows实例的PowerShell命令。
            public static final String RUN_POWERSHELL_SCRIPT = "RunPowerShellScript";
        }
    }

    public static com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client createEcsClient() throws Exception {
        Config config = new Config();
        config.setAccessKeyId(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"));
        config.setAccessKeySecret(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET"));
        config.endpoint = Constants.ENDPOINT.ECS;
        return new com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client(config);
    }

    public static void runCommand(String commandContent, List<String> instanceIds, com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient) {
        try {
            RunCommandRequest request = new RunCommandRequest();
            request.setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID);
            // RunShellScript适用于Linux实例的Shell命令。
            request.setType(Constants.COMMAND_TYPE.RUN_SHELL_SCRIPT);
            request.setCommandContent(commandContent);
            request.setInstanceId(instanceIds);
            request.setTimeout(60L);
            RunCommandResponse runCommandResponse = ecsClient.runCommand(request);
            System.out.println(new Gson().toJson(runCommandResponse));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("runCommand failed:" + e);
        }
    }
}

释放资源

当您不再需要所创建的资源时，可以调用以下OpenAPI接口以释放该资源。

说明

根据您的实际需求，选择相应的OpenAPI释放资源。本示例释放上述步骤创建的所有资源。

释放ECS实例
API
参数
示例取值
DeleteInstances
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
InstanceId
实例 ID：i-bp17f3kzgtzzj91r****
删除SSH密钥对
API
参数
示例取值
DeleteKeyPairs
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
KeyPairNames
SSH密钥对名称：["sdk-key-pair"]
删除安全组
API
参数
示例取值
DeleteSecurityGroup
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
SecurityGroupId
安全组ID：sg-bp1esyhwfbqeyudt****
删除交换机
API
参数
示例取值
DeleteVSwitch
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
VSwitchId
交换机ID：vsw-bp1nzprm8h7mmnl8t****
删除VPC
API
参数
示例取值
DeleteVpc
RegionId
地域：cn-hangzhou
VpcId
VPC ID：vpc-bp1aag0sb9s4i92i3****

示例代码如下：

import com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client;
import com.aliyun.ecs20140526.models.*;
import com.aliyun.teaopenapi.models.Config;
import com.aliyun.vpc20160428.models.DeleteVSwitchRequest;
import com.aliyun.vpc20160428.models.DeleteVpcRequest;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class DeleteResources {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String vpcId = "vpc-bp1aag0sb9s4i92i3****";
        String vSwitchId = "vsw-bp1nzprm8h7mmnl8t****";
        String securityGroupId = "sg-bp1esyhwfbqeyudt****";
        String instanceId = "i-bp17f3kzgtzzj91r****";
        String keyPairName = "sdk-key-pair";
        ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
        try {
            com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client ecsClient = createEcsClient();
            com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client vpcClient = createVpcClient();
            // 删除ECS实例
            executorService.schedule(() -> deleteInstance(instanceId, ecsClient), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            // 删除密钥对
            executorService.schedule(() -> deleteKeyPairs(keyPairName, ecsClient), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            // 删除安全组
            executorService.schedule(() -> deleteSecurityGroup(securityGroupId, ecsClient), 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            // 删除交换机
            executorService.schedule(() -> deleteVSwitch(vSwitchId, vpcClient), 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            // 删除VPC
            executorService.schedule(() -> deleteVpc(vpcId, vpcClient), 65, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("An error occurred: " + e.getMessage());
            // 异常处理，因为释放实例需要一定时间，可能会存在部分删除成功，部分删除失败的情况，请增加合理的删除失败数据处理机制。
        } finally {
            executorService.shutdown();
        }
    }

    public static class Constants {
        // 服务接入点
        public static final class ENDPOINT {
            public static final String VPC = "vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
            public static final String ECS = "ecs.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        }

        // 地域
        public static final String REGION_ID = "cn-hangzhou";
    }

    public static com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client createVpcClient() throws Exception {
        Config config = new Config();
        config.setAccessKeyId(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"));
        config.setAccessKeySecret(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET"));
        config.endpoint = Constants.ENDPOINT.VPC;
        return new com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client(config);
    }

    public static com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client createEcsClient() throws Exception {
        Config config = new Config();
        config.setAccessKeyId(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"));
        config.setAccessKeySecret(System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET"));
        config.endpoint = Constants.ENDPOINT.ECS;
        return new com.aliyun.ecs20140526.Client(config);
    }

    /**
     * 删除指定的VPC（虚拟私有云）资源
     *
     * @param vpcId     VPC的ID，标识了要删除的VPC资源
     * @param vpcClient VPC客户端
     */
    public static void deleteVpc(String vpcId, com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client vpcClient) {
        try {
            System.out.println("VPC is deleting, please wait...");
            DeleteVpcRequest deleteVpcRequest = new DeleteVpcRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setVpcId(vpcId);
            vpcClient.deleteVpc(deleteVpcRequest);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("DeleteVpc failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除指定的虚拟交换机（VSwitch）
     *
     * @param vSwitchId 虚拟交换机的ID
     * @param vpcClient VPC客户端
     */
    public static void deleteVSwitch(String vSwitchId, com.aliyun.vpc20160428.Client vpcClient) {
        System.out.println("VSwitch is deleting, please wait...");
        try {
            DeleteVSwitchRequest deleteVSwitchRequest = new DeleteVSwitchRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setVSwitchId(vSwitchId);
            vpcClient.deleteVSwitch(deleteVSwitchRequest);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("DeleteVSwitch failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除指定的安全组
     *
     * @param securityGroupId 安全组的ID，标识要删除的安全组
     * @param ecsClient       ECS客户端
     */
    public static void deleteSecurityGroup(String securityGroupId, Client ecsClient) {
        System.out.println("SecurityGroup is deleting, please wait...");
        try {
            DeleteSecurityGroupRequest deleteSecurityGroupRequest = new DeleteSecurityGroupRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setSecurityGroupId(securityGroupId);
            ecsClient.deleteSecurityGroup(deleteSecurityGroupRequest);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("DeleteSecurityGroup failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除云服务器实例.
     *
     * @param instanceId 实例ID，标识了要删除的云服务器实例
     * @param ecsClient  ECS客户端
     */
    public static void deleteInstance(String instanceId, Client ecsClient) {
        System.out.println("ECS instance is deleting, please wait...");
        try {
            DeleteInstanceRequest request = new DeleteInstanceRequest()
                    .setForce(true)
                    .setInstanceId(instanceId);
            ecsClient.deleteInstance(request);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("DeleteInstance failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 使用指定的ECS客户端删除密钥对
     *
     * @param keyPairName 密钥对名称
     * @param ecsClient   ECS客户端
     */
    public static void deleteKeyPairs(String keyPairName, Client ecsClient) {
        System.out.println("KeyPair is deleting, please wait...");
        try {
            // 创建删除密钥对请求，并设置区域ID和密钥对名称
            DeleteKeyPairsRequest deleteKeyPairsRequest = new DeleteKeyPairsRequest()
                    .setRegionId(Constants.REGION_ID)
                    .setKeyPairNames(new Gson().toJson(Collections.singletonList(keyPairName)));
            ecsClient.deleteKeyPairs(deleteKeyPairsRequest);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 如果删除密钥对失败，抛出运行时异常，包含错误信息
            throw new RuntimeException("DeleteKeyPairs failed: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

云产品	授予权限
专有网络VPC	本示例选择系统策略：AliyunVPCFullAccess
云服务器ECS	本示例选择系统策略：AliyunECSFullAccess

API	参数	示例取值
	RegionId	地域：cn-hangzhou
CreateVSwitch	ZoneId	可用区：cn-hangzhou-i
	VpcId	VPC ID：vpc-bp1aag0sb9s4i92i3****
	CidrBlock	交换机网段：192.168.0.0/24