通过Zipkin为Java应用埋点并上报链路数据 - 应用实时监控服务ARMS

通过Zipkin为应用埋点并上报链路数据至可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版后，可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版即可开始监控应用，您可以查看应用拓扑、调用链路、异常事务、慢事务和SQL分析等一系列监控数据。本文介绍如何进行手动埋点，以及使用插件进行自动埋点。

重要

为获得更丰富的功能、更先进的链路追踪能力，以及最佳使用体验，建议您使用OpenTelemetry协议将应用接入可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版。

我们为您提供了详细的OpenTelemetry接入指南和最佳实践，帮助您快速上手可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版。更多信息，请参见接入应用。

前提条件

获取接入点信息

登录ARMS控制台，在左侧导航栏单击接入中心。
在服务端应用区域单击Zipkin卡片。
在弹出的Zipkin面板中选择数据需要上报的地域。
说明
初次接入的地域将会自动进行资源初始化。
选择连接方式，然后复制接入点信息。
若您的服务部署在阿里云上，且所属地域与选择的接入地域一致，推荐使用阿里云内网方式，否则选择公网方式。

背景信息

Zipkin是一款开源的分布式实时数据追踪系统（Distributed Tracking System），由Twitter公司开发和贡献。其主要功能是聚合来自各个异构系统的实时监控数据。

Zipkin已经开发多年，对各种框架的支持比较齐全，例如以下框架，完整信息请参考Zipkin官方文档。

Apache HttpClient
Dubbo
gRPC
JAX-RS 2.X
Jersey Server
JMS (Java Message Service)
Kafka
MySQL
Netty
OkHttp
Servlet
Spark
Spring Boot
Spring MVC

要通过Zipkin将Java应用数据上报至可观测链路 OpenTelemetry 版控制台，首先需要完成埋点工作。您可以手动埋点，也可以利用各种现有插件实现埋点的目的。

通过Zipkin上报数据的原理

手动埋点

如果选择手动埋点，您就需要自行编写代码。

说明

如需获取Demo，请单击下载源码，进入manualDemo目录，并根据Readme运行程序。

添加依赖Jar包。

<dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.9</version>
        </dependency>

创建Tracer。

private static final String zipkinEndPoint = "<endpoint>";
  ...
  // 构建数据发送对象。
  OkHttpSender sender = OkHttpSender.newBuilder().endpoint(zipkinEndPoint).build();

  // 构建数据上报对象。
  Reporter<Span> reporter = AsyncReporter.builder(sender).build();

  tracing = Tracing.newBuilder().localServiceName(localServiceName).spanReporter(reporter).build();

构建Span和Child Span。

private void firstBiz() {
        // 创建rootspan。
        tracing.tracer().startScopedSpan("parentSpan");
        Span span =  tracing.tracer().currentSpan();
        span.tag("key", "firstBiz");
        secondBiz();
        span.finish();
    }

    private void secondBiz() {
        tracing.tracer().startScopedSpanWithParent("childSpan", tracing.tracer().currentSpan().context());
        Span childSpan =  tracing.tracer().currentSpan();
        childSpan.tag("key", "secondBiz");
        childSpan.finish();
        System.out.println("end tracing,id:" + childSpan.context().traceIdString());
    }

（可选）为了快速排查问题，您可以为某个记录添加一些自定义标签，例如记录是否发生错误、请求的返回值等。
```
tracer.activeSpan().setTag("http.status_code", "500");
```

在分布式系统中发送RPC请求时会带上Tracing数据，包括TraceId、ParentSpanId、SpanId、Sampled等。您可以在HTTP请求中使用Extract/Inject方法在HTTP Request Headers上透传数据。总体流程如下：

流程图

在客户端调用Inject方法传入Context信息。

// start a new span representing a client request
    oneWaySend = tracer.nextSpan().name(service + "/" + method).kind(CLIENT);
    --snip--

    // Add the trace context to the request, so it can be propagated in-band
    tracing.propagation().injector(Request::addHeader)
                     .inject(oneWaySend.context(), request);

   // fire off the request asynchronously, totally dropping any response
   request.execute();

   // start the client side and flush instead of finish
   oneWaySend.start().flush();

在服务端调用Extract方法解析Context信息。

// pull the context out of the incoming request
extractor = tracing.propagation().extractor(Request::getHeader);

// convert that context to a span which you can name and add tags to
oneWayReceive = nextSpan(tracer, extractor.extract(request))
    .name("process-request")
    .kind(SERVER)
    ... add tags etc.

// start the server side and flush instead of finish
oneWayReceive.start().flush();

// you should not modify this span anymore as it is complete. However,
// you can create children to represent follow-up work.
next = tracer.newSpan(oneWayReceive.context()).name("step2").start();

通过Spring 2.5 MVC或Spring 3.0 MVC插件埋点

您可以选择通过Spring 2.5 MVC或Spring 3.0 MVC插件进行埋点。

说明

如需获取Demo，请单击下载源码，进入springMvcDemo\webmvc3|webmvc25目录，并根据Readme运行程序。

在applicationContext.xml中配置Tracing对象。

<bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.OkHttpSenderFactoryBean">
  <property name="endpoint" value="<endpoint>"/>
</bean>

<!-- allows us to read the service name from spring config -->
<context:property-placeholder/>

<bean class="brave.spring.beans.TracingFactoryBean">
  <property name="localServiceName" value="brave-webmvc3-example"/>
  <property name="spanReporter">
    <bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.AsyncReporterFactoryBean">
      <property name="encoder" value="JSON_V2"/>
      <property name="sender" ref="sender"/>
      <!-- wait up to half a second for any in-flight spans on close -->
      <property name="closeTimeout" value="500"/>
    </bean>
  </property>
  <property name="propagationFactory">
    <bean class="brave.propagation.ExtraFieldPropagation" factory-method="newFactory">
      <constructor-arg index="0">
        <util:constant static-field="brave.propagation.B3Propagation.FACTORY"/>
      </constructor-arg>
      <constructor-arg index="1">
        <list>
          <value>user-name</value>
        </list>
      </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
  </property>
  <property name="currentTraceContext">
    <bean class="brave.spring.beans.CurrentTraceContextFactoryBean">
      <property name="scopeDecorators">
        <bean class="brave.context.log4j12.MDCScopeDecorator" factory-method="create"/>
      </property>
    </bean>
  </property>
</bean>

<bean class="brave.spring.beans.HttpTracingFactoryBean">
  <property name="tracing" ref="tracing"/>
</bean>

添加Interceptors对象。

<bean class="brave.httpclient.TracingHttpClientBuilder"
      factory-method="create">
    <constructor-arg type="brave.http.HttpTracing" ref="httpTracing"/>
  </bean>

  <bean factory-bean="httpClientBuilder" factory-method="build"/>

  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
    <property name="interceptors">
      <list>
        <bean class="brave.spring.webmvc.SpanCustomizingHandlerInterceptor"/>
      </list>
    </property>
  </bean>

  <!-- Loads the controller -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="brave.webmvc"/>

添加Filter对象。

<!-- Add the delegate to the standard tracing filter and map it to all paths -->
<filter>
  <filter-name>tracingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>brave.spring.webmvc.DelegatingTracingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>tracingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

通过Spring 4.0 MVC或Spring Boot插件埋点

您可以选择通过Spring 4.0 MVC或Spring Boot插件进行埋点。

说明

如需获取Demo，请单击下载源码，进入springMvcDemo\webmvc4-boot|webmv4目录，并根据Readme运行程序。

配置Tracing和Filter。

/** Configuration for how to send spans to Zipkin */
  @Bean Sender sender() {
    return OkHttpSender.create("<endpoint>");
  }

  /** Configuration for how to buffer spans into messages for Zipkin */
  @Bean AsyncReporter<Span> spanReporter() {
    return AsyncReporter.create(sender());
  }

  /** Controls aspects of tracing such as the name that shows up in the UI */
  @Bean Tracing tracing(@Value("${spring.application.name}") String serviceName) {
    return Tracing.newBuilder()
        .localServiceName(serviceName)
        .propagationFactory(ExtraFieldPropagation.newFactory(B3Propagation.FACTORY, "user-name"))
        .currentTraceContext(ThreadLocalCurrentTraceContext.newBuilder()
            .addScopeDecorator(MDCScopeDecorator.create()) // puts trace IDs into logs
            .build()
        )
        .spanReporter(spanReporter()).build();
  }

  /** decides how to name and tag spans. By default they are named the same as the http method. */
  @Bean HttpTracing httpTracing(Tracing tracing) {
    return HttpTracing.create(tracing);
  }

  /** Creates client spans for http requests */
  // We are using a BPP as the Frontend supplies a RestTemplate bean prior to this configuration
  @Bean BeanPostProcessor connectionFactoryDecorator(final BeanFactory beanFactory) {
    return new BeanPostProcessor() {
      @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
        return bean;
      }

      @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
        if (!(bean instanceof RestTemplate)) return bean;

        RestTemplate restTemplate = (RestTemplate) bean;
        List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> interceptors =
            new ArrayList<>(restTemplate.getInterceptors());
        interceptors.add(0, getTracingInterceptor());
        restTemplate.setInterceptors(interceptors);
        return bean;
      }

      // Lazy lookup so that the BPP doesn't end up needing to proxy anything.
      ClientHttpRequestInterceptor getTracingInterceptor() {
        return TracingClientHttpRequestInterceptor.create(beanFactory.getBean(HttpTracing.class));
      }
    };
  }

  /** Creates server spans for http requests */
  @Bean Filter tracingFilter(HttpTracing httpTracing) {
    return TracingFilter.create(httpTracing);
  }

  @Autowired SpanCustomizingAsyncHandlerInterceptor webMvcTracingCustomizer;

  /** Decorates server spans with application-defined web tags */
  @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    registry.addInterceptor(webMvcTracingCustomizer);
  }

配置autoconfigure（spring.factories)。

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
brave.webmvc.TracingConfiguration

通过Dubbo插件埋点

您可以选择通过Dubbo插件进行埋点。

说明

如需获取Demo，请单击下载源码，进入dubboDemo目录，并根据Readme运行程序。

添加依赖Jar包。

<dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-instrumentation-dubbo-rpc</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-context-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.9</version>
        </dependency>

配置Tracing对象。

<bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.OkHttpSenderFactoryBean">
        <property name="endpoint" value="<endpoint>"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="brave.spring.beans.TracingFactoryBean">
        <property name="localServiceName" value="double-provider"/>
        <property name="spanReporter">
            <bean class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.AsyncReporterFactoryBean">
                <property name="sender" ref="sender"/>
                <!-- wait up to half a second for any in-flight spans on close -->
                <property name="closeTimeout" value="500"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
        <property name="currentTraceContext">
            <bean class="brave.spring.beans.CurrentTraceContextFactoryBean">
                <property name="scopeDecorators">
                    <bean class="brave.context.slf4j.MDCScopeDecorator" factory-method="create"/>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

添加Filter配置。

// 服务端配置。
<dubbo:provider filter="tracing" />
// 客户端配置。
<dubbo:consumer filter="tracing" />

通过Spring Sleuth插件埋点

您可以选择通过Spring Sleuth插件进行埋点。

说明

如需获取Demo，请单击下载源码，进入sleuthDemo目录，并根据Readme运行程序。

添加依赖Jar包。

<dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

配置application.yml。

说明

请将<endpoint_short>替换成前提条件中获取的接入点信息（“公网接入点：”后面到“api/v2/spans”之前的内容）。

spring:
   application:
     # This ends up as the service name in zipkin
     name: sleuthDemo
   zipkin:
     # Uncomment to send to zipkin, replacing 192.168.99.100 with your zipkin IP address
     baseUrl: <endpoint_short>

   sleuth:
     sampler:
       probability: 1.0

   sample:
   zipkin:
     # When enabled=false, traces log to the console. Comment to send to zipkin
     enabled: true

发起HTTP请求，例如http://localhost:3380/traced。
说明
更多请求路径，请参见Demo中com.alibaba.apm.SampleController下的方法。

常见问题

问：Demo程序执行成功，但是为什么有的网站上无数据？

答：请断点调试zipkin2.reporter.okhttp3.HttpCall中的parseResponse方法，查看上报数据时返回值。如果报403错误，表示用户名配置不正确，需要检查Endpoint配置。