LVM数据卷 - 容器服务 Kubernetes 版 ACK

您可以在本地盘上通过VolumeGroup进行磁盘虚拟化，并且通过LVM数据卷切分磁盘给应用使用。本文介绍如何使用LVM数据卷。

背景信息

使用HostPath和LocalVolume都可以实现Pod对主机存储空间的访问，但均具有其局限性：

Kubernetes没有提供上述本地存储卷的生命周期管理能力，需要管理员手动管理、运维存储卷。
多个Pod共享一个本地存储时，需要共享存储目录或者分别使用其子目录，无法做到容量隔离。
多个Pod共享一个本地存储时，IOPS、吞吐等指标共享了整个存储空间，无法进行限制。
新建Pod使用本地存储时，不了解各节点存储空间余量，无法进行合理的存储卷调度。

为此ACK提供了LVM数据卷方案，以解决上述问题。

功能介绍

LVM数据卷生命周期管理：卷自动创建、删除、挂载、卸载。
LVM数据卷扩容功能。
LVM卷的监控能力。
LVM卷的IOPS限制。
节点本地存储管理：自动运维VolumeGroup。
LVM卷的集群容量感知能力。

注意事项

LVM本地存储卷，不支持数据的跨节点迁移，不适合在高可用场景中使用。
VolumeGroup本地存储容量感知为可选项（暂缓提供），VolumeGroup的初始化与本地存储资源有关，您需要手动进行初始化或者使用自动初始化本地存储资源进行初始化，两者都需要您对本地存储资源有比较深入的了解，否则建议您直接使用云上的存储资源（云盘、CNFS）等。

实现架构

基础的LVM功能（卷的生命周期管理、扩容、挂载、格式化等）由CSI-Provisioner和CSI-Plugin实现。

单元	详情
存储管理器	节点本地存储（VolumeGroup）的运维管理以及容量统计。可以不使用该组件，由Worker管理运维VolumeGroup。
存储信息中心	保存节点本地存储信息，包括容量、VolumeGroup等信息。
本地存储调度器	实现新建PVC对集群存储容量感知功能。

步骤一：为Plugin和Provisioner组件添加Secrets的RBAC权限

1.20集群及以下

与csi-plugin组件共用同一个ServiceAccount，但需要先为clusterrole/alicloud-csi-plugin增加Secrets的RBAC权限。

执行以下命令，查看集群clusterrole/alicloud-csi-plugin是否有Secrets的create权限。

echo `JSONPATH='{range .rules[*]}{@.resources}:{@.verbs} \r\n
{end}' \
 && kubectl get clusterrole  alicloud-csi-plugin -o jsonpath="$JSONPATH";` | grep secrets

预期输出：

["secrets"]:["get","list"]

若clusterrole/alicloud-csi-plugin没有Secrets的create权限，请执行以下命令增加此权限。

 kubectl patch clusterrole alicloud-csi-plugin --type='json' -p='[{"op": "add", "path": "/rules/0", "value":{ "apiGroups": [""], "resources": ["secrets"], "verbs": ["create"]}}]'

预期输出：

clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/alicloud-csi-plugin patched

执行以下命令，查看集群中clusterrole/alicloud-csi-plugin Secrets的create权限是否添加成功。
```
echo `JSONPATH='{range .rules[*]}{@.resources}:{@.verbs} \r\n
{end}' \
 && kubectl get clusterrole  alicloud-csi-plugin -o jsonpath="$JSONPATH";` | grep secrets
```
预期输出：
```
["secrets"]:["create"] 
["secrets"]:["get","list"]
```
从预期输出可得，集群中clusterrole/alicloud-csi-plugin Secrets的create权限已添加成功。

1.22集群及以上

请通过下列YAML创建和授权ServiceAccount：

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update", "create", "delete", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims/status"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["csinodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "patch", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["volumeattachments"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["leases"]
    verbs: ["get", "create", "list", "watch", "delete", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["volumeattachments/status"]
    verbs: ["patch"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["csi-local-plugin-cert"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["create"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["csi-plugin", "ack-cluster-profile"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
  namespace: kube-system

步骤二：部署Plugin和Provisioner组件

LVM CSI插件分为2个组件：Plugin（负责挂载、卸载LVM卷）和Provisioner（负责创建LVM卷和PV对象）。

说明

请将以下YAML中的{{ regionId }}替换为您集群所在的地域ID。

展开查看部署LVM CSI-Plugin（1.20集群及以下）

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CSIDriver
metadata:
  name: localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
spec:
  attachRequired: false
  podInfoOnMount: true
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  labels:
    app: csi-local-plugin
  name: csi-local-plugin
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: csi-local-plugin
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: csi-local-plugin
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: type
                    operator: NotIn
                    values:
                      - virtual-kubelet
      containers:
        - args:
            - '--v=5'
            - '--csi-address=/csi/csi.sock'
            - >-
              --kubelet-registration-path=/var/lib/kubelet/csi-plugins/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com/csi.sock
          env:
            - name: KUBE_NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  apiVersion: v1
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
          image: >-
            registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-node-driver-registrar:v1.3.0-6e9fff3-aliyun
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: driver-registrar
          resources: {}
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /csi
              name: plugin-dir
            - mountPath: /registration
              name: registration-dir
        - args:
            - '--endpoint=$(CSI_ENDPOINT)'
            - '--v=5'
            - '--nodeid=$(KUBE_NODE_NAME)'
            - '--driver=localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com'
          env:
            - name: KUBE_NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  apiVersion: v1
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
            - name: SERVICE_PORT
              value: '11293'
            - name: CSI_ENDPOINT
              value: >-
                unix://var/lib/kubelet/csi-plugins/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com/csi.sock
          image: >-
            registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-plugin:v1.20.7-aafce42-aliyun
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: csi-localplugin
          resources: {}
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              add:
                - SYS_ADMIN
            privileged: true
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/kubelet
              mountPropagation: Bidirectional
              name: pods-mount-dir
            - mountPath: /dev
              mountPropagation: HostToContainer
              name: host-dev
            - mountPath: /var/log/
              name: host-log
            - mountPath: /mnt
              mountPropagation: Bidirectional
              name: quota-path-dir
            - mountPath: /tls/local/grpc
              name: tls-token-dir
              readOnly: true
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      hostNetwork: true
      hostPID: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      serviceAccount: csi-admin
      serviceAccountName: csi-admin
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      tolerations:
        - operator: Exists
      volumes:
        - name: tls-token-dir
          secret:
            defaultMode: 420
            secretName: csi-local-plugin-cert
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/kubelet/csi-plugins/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
          name: plugin-dir
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
          name: registration-dir
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/kubelet
            type: Directory
          name: pods-mount-dir
        - hostPath:
            path: /dev
            type: ''
          name: host-dev
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/log/
            type: ''
          name: host-log
        - hostPath:
            path: /mnt
            type: Directory
          name: quota-path-dir
  updateStrategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 10%
    type: RollingUpdate

展开查看部署LVM CSI-Provisioner（1.20集群及以下）

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 labels:
   app: csi-local-provisioner
 name: csi-local-provisioner
 namespace: kube-system
spec:
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: csi-local-provisioner
 strategy:
   rollingUpdate:
     maxSurge: 25%
     maxUnavailable: 25%
   type: RollingUpdate
 template:
   metadata:
     labels:
       app: csi-local-provisioner
   spec:
     affinity:
       nodeAffinity:
         preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
         - preference:
             matchExpressions:
             - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
               operator: Exists
           weight: 1
     containers:
     - args:
       - --csi-address=$(ADDRESS)
       - --feature-gates=Topology=True
       - --volume-name-prefix=local
       - --strict-topology=true
       - --timeout=150s
       - --extra-create-metadata=true
       - --enable-leader-election=true
       - --leader-election-type=leases
       - --retry-interval-start=500ms
       - --v=5
       env:
       - name: ADDRESS
         value: /socketDir/csi.sock
       image: registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-provisioner:v1.6.0-71838bd-aliyun
       imagePullPolicy: Always
       name: external-local-provisioner
       volumeMounts:
       - mountPath: /socketDir
         name: socket-dir
     - name: csi-localprovisioner
       securityContext:
         privileged: true
       image: registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-plugin:v1.20.7-aafce42-aliyun
       imagePullPolicy: "Always"
       args:
         - "--endpoint=$(CSI_ENDPOINT)"
         - "--v=2"
         - "--driver=localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com"
       env:
       - name: CSI_ENDPOINT
         value: unix://var/lib/kubelet/csi-provisioner/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com/csi.sock
       - name: SERVICE_TYPE
         value: "provisioner"
       - name: SERVICE_PORT
         value: "11290"
       volumeMounts:
       - name: socket-dir
         mountPath: /var/lib/kubelet/csi-provisioner/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
       - mountPath: /var/log/
         name: host-log
       - mountPath: /tls/local/grpc/
         name: tls-token-dir
     - args:
       - --v=5
       - --csi-address=$(ADDRESS)
       - --leader-election
       env:
       - name: ADDRESS
         value: /socketDir/csi.sock
       image: registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-resizer:v1.1.0-7b30758-aliyun
       imagePullPolicy: Always
       name: external-local-resizer
       volumeMounts:
       - mountPath: /socketDir/
         name: socket-dir
     hostNetwork: true
     serviceAccount: csi-admin
     tolerations:
     - effect: NoSchedule
       operator: Exists
       key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
     - effect: NoSchedule
       operator: Exists
       key: node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/uninitialized
     volumes:
     - name: socket-dir
       emptyDir: {}
     - name: tls-token-dir
       emptyDir: {}
     - hostPath:
         path: /dev
         type: ""
       name: host-dev
     - hostPath:
         path: /var/log/
         type: ""
       name: host-log
     - hostPath:
         path: /mnt
         type: Directory
       name: quota-path-dir
     - hostPath:
         path: /var/lib/kubelet
         type: Directory
       name: pods-mount-dir

展开查看部署LVM CSI-Plugin（1.22集群及以上）

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: CSIDriver
metadata:
  name: localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
spec:
  attachRequired: false
  podInfoOnMount: true
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  labels:
    app: csi-local-plugin
  name: csi-local-plugin
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: csi-local-plugin
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: csi-local-plugin
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: type
                    operator: NotIn
                    values:
                      - virtual-kubelet
      containers:
        - args:
            - '--v=5'
            - '--csi-address=/csi/csi.sock'
            - >-
              --kubelet-registration-path=/var/lib/kubelet/csi-plugins/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com/csi.sock
          env:
            - name: KUBE_NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  apiVersion: v1
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
          image: >-
            registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-node-driver-registrar:v2.3.1-038aeb6-aliyun
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: driver-registrar
          resources: {}
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /csi
              name: plugin-dir
            - mountPath: /registration
              name: registration-dir
        - args:
            - '--endpoint=$(CSI_ENDPOINT)'
            - '--v=5'
            - '--nodeid=$(KUBE_NODE_NAME)'
            - '--driver=localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com'
          env:
            - name: KUBE_NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  apiVersion: v1
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
            - name: SERVICE_PORT
              value: '11293'
            - name: CSI_ENDPOINT
              value: >-
                unix://var/lib/kubelet/csi-plugins/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com/csi.sock
          image: >-
             registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-plugin:v1.24.3-55228c1-aliyun
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: csi-localplugin
          resources: {}
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              add:
                - SYS_ADMIN
            privileged: true
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/kubelet
              mountPropagation: Bidirectional
              name: pods-mount-dir
            - mountPath: /dev
              mountPropagation: HostToContainer
              name: host-dev
            - mountPath: /var/log/
              name: host-log
            - mountPath: /mnt
              mountPropagation: Bidirectional
              name: quota-path-dir
            - mountPath: /tls/local/grpc
              name: tls-token-dir
              readOnly: true
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      hostNetwork: true
      hostPID: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      restartPolicy: Always
      securityContext: {}
      serviceAccountName: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      tolerations:
        - operator: Exists
      volumes:
        - name: tls-token-dir
          secret:
            defaultMode: 420
            secretName: csi-local-plugin-cert
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/kubelet/csi-plugins/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
          name: plugin-dir
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry
            type: DirectoryOrCreate
          name: registration-dir
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/lib/kubelet
            type: Directory
          name: pods-mount-dir
        - hostPath:
            path: /dev
            type: ''
          name: host-dev
        - hostPath:
            path: /var/log/
            type: ''
          name: host-log
        - hostPath:
            path: /mnt
            type: Directory
          name: quota-path-dir
  updateStrategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 10%
    type: RollingUpdate

展开查看部署LVM CSI-Provisioner（1.22集群及以上）

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: csi-local-provisioner
  name: csi-local-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: csi-local-provisioner
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: csi-local-provisioner
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - preference:
              matchExpressions:
              - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
                operator: Exists
            weight: 1
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: type
                operator: NotIn
                values:
                - virtual-kubelet
      containers:
      - args:
        - --csi-address=$(ADDRESS)
        - --feature-gates=Topology=True
        - --volume-name-prefix=local
        - --strict-topology=true
        - --timeout=150s
        - --extra-create-metadata=true
        - --enable-leader-election=true
        - --leader-election-type=leases
        - --retry-interval-start=500ms
        - --default-fstype=ext4
        - --v=5
        env:
        - name: ADDRESS
          value: /socketDir/csi.sock
        image: registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-provisioner:v3.0.0-080f01e64-aliyun
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: external-local-provisioner
        resources: {}
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /socketDir
          name: socket-dir
      - args:
        - --endpoint=$(CSI_ENDPOINT)
        - --v=2
        - --driver=localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
        env:
        - name: CSI_ENDPOINT
          value: unix://var/lib/kubelet/csi-provisioner/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com/csi.sock
        - name: SERVICE_TYPE
          value: provisioner
        - name: SERVICE_PORT
          value: "11290"
        image: registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-plugin:v1.24.3-55228c1-aliyun
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: csi-localprovisioner
        resources: {}
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/kubelet/csi-provisioner/localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
          name: socket-dir
        - mountPath: /var/log/
          name: host-log
        - mountPath: /tls/local/grpc/
          name: tls-token-dir
      - args:
        - --v=5
        - --csi-address=$(ADDRESS)
        - --leader-election
        env:
        - name: ADDRESS
          value: /socketDir/csi.sock
        image: registry-vpc.{{ regionId }}.aliyuncs.com/acs/csi-resizer:v1.3-ca84e84-aliyun
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: external-local-resizer
        resources: {}
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /socketDir/
          name: socket-dir
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      hostNetwork: true
      restartPolicy: Always
      securityContext: {}
      serviceAccountName: alibaba-cloud-csi-local
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: socket-dir
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: tls-token-dir
      - hostPath:
          path: /dev
          type: ""
        name: host-dev
      - hostPath:
          path: /var/log/
          type: ""
        name: host-log
      - hostPath:
          path: /mnt
          type: Directory
        name: quota-path-dir
      - hostPath:
          path: /var/lib/kubelet
          type: Directory
        name: pods-mount-dir

步骤三：使用LVM存储卷

使用CSI-Provisioner自动创建PV，有以下特点：

StorageClass中需要指定VolumeGroup名字。
如果期望创建的PV在某个节点，需要给PVC添加Annotations：volume.kubernetes.io/selected-node: nodeName。

使用以下模板创建StorageClass。

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
    name: csi-local
provisioner: localplugin.csi.alibabacloud.com
parameters:
    volumeType: LVM
    vgName: volumegroup1
    fsType: ext4
    lvmType: "striping"
    writeIOPS: "10000"
    writeBPS: "1M"
reclaimPolicy: Delete
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
allowVolumeExpansion: true

参数	描述
volumeType	表示本地存储类型为LVM（后续将支持其他类型本地存储）。
vgName	必选，VolumeGroup的名字。
fsType	格式文件系统类型。
lvmType	生成的LVM类型，支持linear（线性）、striping（条带化）。
writeIOPS	使用StorageClass动态创建每一个LV时，限制每一个LV每秒写IO的次数。
writeBPS	使用StorageClass动态创建每一个LV时，限制每一个LV每秒写IO的大小，单位为Byte。

使用以下模板创建PVC。

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: lvm-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName: csi-local

使用以下模板创建应用。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deployment-lvm
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.7.9
        volumeMounts:
          - name: lvm-pvc
            mountPath: "/data"
      volumes:
        - name: lvm-pvc
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: lvm-pvc

查看应用状态。

执行以下命令查看Pod信息。

kubectl get pod

预期输出：

NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
deployment-lvm-9f798687c-m****   1/1     Running   0          9s

执行以下命令查看PVC信息。

kubectl get pvc

预期输出：

NAME      STATUS   VOLUME                                      CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
lvm-pvc   Bound    disk-afacf7a9-3d1a-45da-b443-24f8fb35****   2Gi        RWO            csi-local      16s

执行以下命令查看PV信息。

kubectl get pv

预期输出：

NAME                                        CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM             STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
disk-afacf7a9-3d1a-45da-b443-24f8fb35****   2Gi        RWO            Delete           Bound    default/lvm-pvc   csi-local               12s

执行以下命令查看Pod挂载详情。

kubectl exec -ti deployment-lvm-9f798687c-m**** sh -- df /data

预期输出：

Filesystem                                                                1K-blocks  Used   Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/volumegroup1-disk--afacf7a9--3d1a--45da--b443--24f8fb35****   1998672    6144   1976144   1%   /data

执行以下命令列出/data下的目录。
```
ls /data
```
预期输出：
```
lost+found
```
执行以下命令在/data下新增test目录并查看。
```
touch /data/test
ls /data
```
预期输出：
```
lost+found  test
```
执行以下命令退出登录。
```
exit
```

执行以下命令删除Pod重建。

kubectl delete pod deployment-lvm-9f798687c-m****

预期输出：

pod "deployment-lvm-9f798687c-m****" deleted

执行以下命令查看Pod信息。

kubectl get pod

预期输出：

NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
deployment-lvm-9f798687c-j****   1/1     Running   0          2m19s

执行以下命令查看Pod挂载详情。

kubectl exec deployment-lvm-9f798687c-j**** -- ls /data

预期输出：

lost+found  
test

扩容LVM卷。

执行以下命令查看PVC信息。

kubectl get pvc

预期输出：

NAME      STATUS   VOLUME                                      CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
lvm-pvc   Bound    disk-afacf7a9-3d1a-45da-b443-24f8fb35****   2Gi        RWO            csi-local      6m50s

执行以下命令将PVC扩容到4 GiB。

kubectl patch pvc lvm-pvc -p '{"spec":{"resources":{"requests":{"storage":"4Gi"}}}}'

预期输出：

persistentvolumeclaim/lvm-pvc patched

执行以下命令查看PVC信息。

kubectl get pvc

预期输出：

NAME      STATUS   VOLUME                                      CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
lvm-pvc   Bound    disk-afacf7a9-3d1a-45da-b443-24f8fb35****   4Gi        RWO            csi-local      7m26s

执行以下命令查看LVM卷是否扩容到4 GiB。

kubectl exec deployment-lvm-9f798687c-j**** -- df /data

预期输出：

Filesystem                                                                1K-blocks  Used   Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/volumegroup1-disk--afacf7a9--3d1a--45da--b443--24f8fb35****   4062912    8184   4038344   1%   /data

执行以下命令监控LVM卷。

curl -s localhost:10255/metrics | grep lvm-pvc

预期输出：

kubelet_volume_stats_available_bytes{namespace="default",persistentvolumeclaim="lvm-pvc"} 1.917165568e+09
kubelet_volume_stats_capacity_bytes{namespace="default",persistentvolumeclaim="lvm-pvc"} 1.939816448e+09
kubelet_volume_stats_inodes{namespace="default",persistentvolumeclaim="lvm-pvc"} 122400
kubelet_volume_stats_inodes_free{namespace="default",persistentvolumeclaim="lvm-pvc"} 122389
kubelet_volume_stats_inodes_used{namespace="default",persistentvolumeclaim="lvm-pvc"} 11
kubelet_volume_stats_used_bytes{namespace="default",persistentvolumeclaim="lvm-pvc"} 5.873664e+06

可以将上述监控数据接入Prometheus并在前端展示。具体操作，请参见开源Prometheus监控。