Truncates a date value based on the time unit specified by datepart.
Syntax
date|datetime datetrunc (date|datetime|timestamp <date>, string <datepart>)Parameters
date: required. A value of the DATE, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP type. If the input value is of the STRING type and the MaxCompute V1.0 data type edition is used in your project, the input value is implicitly converted into the DATETIME type before calculation.
datepart: required. A constant of the STRING type. This parameter supports Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF).
The value of this parameter is specified in compliance with the rules of conversions between the STRING and DATETIME types. The value
yyyyindicates the year component of a date value. The valuemmindicates the month component of a date value. The valueddindicates the day component of a date value. For more information about the rules for type conversions, see Type conversions. The EDTF is also supported, such as -year,-month,-mon,-day, and-hour.
Return value
A value of the DATE or DATETIME type is returned. The return value is in the yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss format. The return value varies based on the following rules:
If the value of date is not of the DATE, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP type, an error is returned.
If the value of date is null, an error is returned.
If the value of datepart is null, null is returned.
Sample data
This section provides sample source data for you to understand how to use date functions. In this topic, a table named mf_date_fun_t is created and data is inserted into the table. Sample statements:
create table if not exists mf_date_fun_t(
id int,
date1 date,
datetime1 datetime,
timestamp1 timestamp,
date2 date,
datetime2 datetime,
timestamp2 timestamp,
date3 string,
date4 bigint);
insert into mf_date_fun_t values
(1,DATE'2021-11-29',DATETIME'2021-11-29 00:01:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-01-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-20',123456780),
(2,DATE'2021-11-28',DATETIME'2021-11-28 00:02:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-02-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-21',123456781),
(3,DATE'2021-11-27',DATETIME'2021-11-27 00:03:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-03-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-22',123456782),
(4,DATE'2021-11-26',DATETIME'2021-11-26 00:04:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-04-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-23',123456783),
(5,DATE'2021-11-25',DATETIME'2021-11-25 00:05:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-05-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-24',123456784),
(6,DATE'2021-11-24',DATETIME'2021-11-24 00:06:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-06-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-25',123456785),
(7,DATE'2021-11-23',DATETIME'2021-11-23 00:07:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-07-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-26',123456786),
(8,DATE'2021-11-22',DATETIME'2021-11-22 00:08:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-08-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-27',123456787),
(9,DATE'2021-11-21',DATETIME'2021-11-21 00:09:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-09-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-28',123456788),
(10,DATE'2021-11-20',DATETIME'2021-11-20 00:10:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789',DATE'2021-10-29',DATETIME'2021-10-29 00:00:00',TIMESTAMP'2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789','2021-11-29',123456789);Query data from the mf_date_fun_t table. Sample statement:
select * from mf_date_fun_t;
-- The following result is returned:
+------+-------+------------+------------+-------+------------+------------+-------+------------+
| id | date1 | datetime1 | timestamp1 | date2 | datetime2 | timestamp2 | date3 | date4 |
+------+-------+------------+------------+-------+------------+------------+-------+------------+
| 1 | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 00:01:00 | 2021-01-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-20 | 123456780 |
| 2 | 2021-11-28 | 2021-11-28 00:02:00 | 2021-02-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-21 | 123456781 |
| 3 | 2021-11-27 | 2021-11-27 00:03:00 | 2021-03-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-22 | 123456782 |
| 4 | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 00:04:00 | 2021-04-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-23 | 123456783 |
| 5 | 2021-11-25 | 2021-11-25 00:05:00 | 2021-05-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-24 | 123456784 |
| 6 | 2021-11-24 | 2021-11-24 00:06:00 | 2021-06-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-25 | 123456785 |
| 7 | 2021-11-23 | 2021-11-23 00:07:00 | 2021-07-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-26 | 123456786 |
| 8 | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 00:08:00 | 2021-08-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-27 | 123456787 |
| 9 | 2021-11-21 | 2021-11-21 00:09:00 | 2021-09-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-28 | 123456788 |
| 10 | 2021-11-20 | 2021-11-20 00:10:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-11-29 | 123456789 |
+------+-------+------------+------------+-------+------------+------------+-------+------------+Example: static data
-- The return value is 2011-01-01 00:00:00.
select datetrunc(datetime'2011-12-07 16:28:46', 'yyyy');
-- The return value is 2011-12-01 00:00:00.
select datetrunc(datetime'2011-12-07 16:28:46', 'month');
-- The return value is 2011-12-07 00:00:00.
select datetrunc(datetime'2011-12-07 16:28:46', 'DD');
-- The return value is 2011-01-01.
select datetrunc(date '2011-12-07', 'yyyy');
-- Enable the MaxCompute V2.0 data type edition. Commit this command along with the SQL statement. The return value is 2011-01-01 00:00:00.0.
set odps.sql.type.system.odps2=true;
select datetrunc(timestamp '2011-12-07 16:28:46', 'yyyy');
-- The return value is 2011-01-01 00:00:00.0.
set odps.sql.type.system.odps2=false;
select datetrunc('2011-12-07 16:28:46', 'yyyy');
-- The return value is null.
select datetrunc(date '2011-12-07', null);Example: table data
Truncate date values in the date1, datetime1, and timestamp1 columns based on the time unit specified by datepart. Data in Sample data is used in this example. Sample statement:
-- Enable the MaxCompute V2.0 data type edition. Commit this command along with the SQL statement.
set odps.sql.type.system.odps2=true;
select date1, datetrunc(date1,'yyyy') as date1_datetrunc, datetime1, datetrunc(datetime1,'dd') as datetime1_datetrunc, timestamp1, datetrunc(timestamp1,'mm') as timestamp1_datetrunc from mf_date_fun_t;The following result is returned:
+------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------+
| date1 | date1_datetrunc | datetime1 | datetime1_datetrunc | timestamp1 | timestamp1_datetrunc |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------+
| 2021-11-29 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-29 00:01:00 | 2021-11-29 00:00:00 | 2021-01-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-28 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-28 00:02:00 | 2021-11-28 00:00:00 | 2021-02-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-02-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-27 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-27 00:03:00 | 2021-11-27 00:00:00 | 2021-03-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-03-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-26 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-26 00:04:00 | 2021-11-26 00:00:00 | 2021-04-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-04-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-25 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-25 00:05:00 | 2021-11-25 00:00:00 | 2021-05-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-05-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-24 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-24 00:06:00 | 2021-11-24 00:00:00 | 2021-06-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-06-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-23 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-23 00:07:00 | 2021-11-23 00:00:00 | 2021-07-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-07-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-22 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-22 00:08:00 | 2021-11-22 00:00:00 | 2021-08-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-08-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-21 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-21 00:09:00 | 2021-11-21 00:00:00 | 2021-09-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-09-01 00:00:00 |
| 2021-11-20 | 2021-01-01 | 2021-11-20 00:10:00 | 2021-11-20 00:00:00 | 2021-10-11 00:00:00.123456789 | 2021-10-01 00:00:00 |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------+Related functions
DATETRUNC is a date function. For more information about functions related to date computing and conversion, see Date functions.