Elastic Compute Service:Use NGINX and uWSGI to deploy a Django project

Prerequisites

ECS instances that meet the following requirements are created:

• The instances are associated with auto-assigned public IP addresses or elastic IP addresses (EIPs). For information about how to associate an EIP with an instance, see Associate or disassociate an EIP.

• The instances run Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104, Alibaba Cloud Linux 2.1903, CentOS 7, Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu 20.04, or Ubuntu 18.04.

  Important

  • In this topic, an instance that runs Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104 and an instance that runs Ubuntu 20.04 64-bit are used. Operations may vary if your instances run other operating system versions.

  • Operations may also vary based on your software or program versions.

• Inbound rules are added to the security groups of the instances to open the following ports: 22, 80, 8001, and 8002. For more information, see Add security group rules.

Step 1: Install Python or check the Python version

1. Connect to a Linux instance.

   For more information, see Connect to a Linux instance by using a password or key.

2. Run the following commands based on the operating system of the instance to view the installation information about Python.

   In this example, Python 3 has been installed on the instance. If Python 3 is not installed on your instance, install Python 3.

   Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104/Alibaba Cloud Linux 2.1903/CentOS 7.x

   which python3 
   ll /usr/bin/python*

   A command output similar to the following one is returned:

   [ecs-user@iZbp17st8t8txp6po87**** ~]$ which python3
   /usr/bin/python3
   [ecs-user@iZbp17st8t8txp6po87**** ~]$ ll /usr/bin/python*
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 8 10:30 /usr/bin/python -> python2
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 8 10:30 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7144 Jun 28 2022 /usr/bin/python2.7
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 8 10:25 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.6
   -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11328 Nov 17 2020 /usr/bin/python3.6
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Feb 8 10:25 /usr/bin/python3.6-config -> python3.6m-config
   -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11328 Nov 17 2020 /usr/bin/python3.6m
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 173 Nov 17 2020 /usr/bin/python3.6m-config
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3403 Nov 17 2020 /usr/bin/python3.6m-x86_64-config
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Feb 8 10:25 /usr/bin/python3-config -> python3.6-config

   Ubuntu 20.04

   which python3 
   ll /usr/bin/python*

   A command output similar to the following one is returned:

   ecs-user@iZjyfbxivbj****:~$ which python3 
   /usr/bin/python3
   ecs-user@iZjyfbxivbj****:~$ ll /usr/bin/python*
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3662032 Jul 1 2022 /usr/bin/python2.7*
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 8 14:05 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.8*
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5494584 Nov 14 20:59 /usr/bin/python3.8*
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Nov 14 20:59 /usr/bin/python3.8-config -> x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.8-config*
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Mar 13 2020 /usr/bin/python3-config -> python3.8-config*

Step 2: Deploy an NGINX environment

1. Run one or more of the following commands based on the operating system of the instance to install NGINX.

   Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104/Alibaba Cloud Linux 2.1903/CentOS 7.x

   sudo yum -y install nginx

   Ubuntu 22.04/Ubuntu 20.04/Ubuntu 18.04

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt -y install nginx

2. Run the following commands to start the NGINX service and check the status of the service:

   sudo systemctl start nginx
   systemctl status nginx

   If the NGINX service starts as expected, Active: active (running) is displayed in the command output.

Step 5: Configure NGINX, uWSGI, and Django

1. To configure Django, add the related files to the corresponding directories based on the website project that you deployed. This step is performed only to display the basic Django page. Skip this step.

   1. Run the following command to modify the Django configuration file settings.py:

      sudo vim /home/myblog/uwsgi_project/uwsgi_project/settings.py

   2. Press the I key to enter Insert mode.

   3. Change DEBUG = True to DEBUG = False.

      

   4. Add the following parameter to the beginning of the settings.py file:

      import os

   5. Add the following parameter to the end of the settings.py file:

      STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

   6. Press the Esc key, enter :wq, and then press the Enter key to save and close the file.

   7. Run the following command to collect all static files:

      sudo python3 manage.py collectstatic 

      

2. Run one of the following commands based on the operating system of the instance to open the NGINX configuration file.

   Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104/Alibaba Cloud Linux 2.1903/CentOS 7.x

   sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

   Ubuntu 22.04/Ubuntu 20.04

   sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

3. Press the I key to enter Insert mode. Add or modify the following parameters in the server section. Press the Esc key, enter :wq, and then press the Enter key to save and close the file.

       upstream django {
           server 127.0.0.1:8001; #Use the port that you configured in the uWSGI configuration file.
       }
       server {
           listen       80; #Configure the NGINX port.
           server_name  test;
           charset      utf-8;
           location /static {
               autoindex on;
               alias /home/myblog/uwsgi_project/static; #Specify your actual directory.
           }
   
           location / {
               uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8001;
               include uwsgi_params; #Specify your actual directory.
               include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; #Specify your actual directory.
               uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT iCourse.wsgi; #Specify your actual directory.
               uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /iCourse; #Specify your actual directory.
               index  index.html index.htm;
               client_max_body_size 35m;
               index index.html index.htm;
           }
       }

   

4. Run the following command to create the uWSGI configuration file uwsgi_config.ini:

   sudo vim uwsgi_config.ini

   Press the I key to enter Insert mode and add the following parameters to the file. Press the Esc key, enter :wq, and then press the Enter key to save and close the file.

   [uwsgi]
   socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
   chdir = /home/myblog/uwsgi_project/
   wsgi-file = uwsgi_project/wsgi.py
   processes = 4
   threads = 2
   vacuum = true
   buffer-size = 65536

   Parameter description:

   • socket: Use the uwsgi_pass port that you configured in the NGINX configuration file. In this example, port 8001 is used.

   • chdir: Specify a project directory. In this example, /home/myblog/uwsgi_project is used as the project directory.

   • wsgi-file: Specify a .wsgi file for Django. Configure the parameter based on the project.

   • processes: Specify the maximum number of worker processes.

   • threads: Specify the number of threads that start after each worker process starts.

   • vacuum: Clear the environment when you exit.

   • buffer-size: Specify the size of the buffer that is used to parse uWSGI packets. In this example, the size of the buffer is set to 64k. Default value: 4k.

   

   Configure other parameters based on your project.

5. Restart services.

   1. Run the following command to restart the NGINX service:

      sudo systemctl restart nginx

   2. Run the following commands to restart the uWSGI service.

      1. Run the following commands to stop the uWSGI service that is running:

         ps aux |grep uwsgi
         sudo kill -9 13187 #Specify the process ID (PID) that you obtained in the previous step. In this example, the PID is 13187.

         

      2. Run one of the following commands based on the operating system of the instance to start the uWSGI service.

         Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104/Alibaba Cloud Linux 2.1903/CentOS 7.x

         uwsgi --ini uwsgi_config.ini

         

         Ubuntu 22.04/Ubuntu 20.04

         sudo uwsgi --ini uwsgi_config.ini

6. In the address bar of a browser on your computer, enter http://<Public IP address of the instance> to access the Django page.