Elastic Compute Service:Build a Magento2 e-commerce website on an ECS instance

Step 1: Install PHP dependencies

1. Install the core PHP package and specific extensions.

   1. Install the core PHP package, which contains several extensions.

      sudo apt-get install php8.3-cli php8.3-common php8.3-fpm php8.3-mysql php8.3-zip php8.3-gd php8.3-curl php8.3-intl php8.3-mbstring php8.3-soap php8.3-xml php8.3-bcmath php8.3-sqlite3 php8.3-opcache

   2. Install specific extensions that require separate installation.

      sudo apt-get install php8.3-bcmath php8.3-curl php8.3-gd php8.3-intl php8.3-mbstring php8.3-soap php8.3-xml php8.3-zip php8.3-sqlite3

   3. Restart the web server for the changes to take effect.

      sudo systemctl restart nginx  

2. Configure the php.ini files.

   1. Open the php.ini files in the Vim editor.

      sudo vim /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini
      sudo vim /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini

   2. Modify the following content in the php.ini files. Then, save and close the files.

      memory_limit = 2G
      max_execution_time = 1800
      zlib.output_compression = On

   3. Restart the PHP FastCGI Process Manager (PHP-FPM) service.

      sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

Step 2: Create a Magento2 database

1. Connect to MySQL.

   mysql -u root -p

   When you are prompted to enter a password, enter the password of the MySQL root user.

2. Execute the following MySQL statements in sequence to create and configure a database. In this example, a database named magento is created, and the username used to log on to the database is magento.

   CREATE DATABASE magento;
   CREATE USER 'magento'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'magento';
   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magento'@'localhost';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   EXIT;

3. Verify the database.

   mysql -u magento -p

   Note

   If the MySQL monitor is displayed, the database is created. If an error is displayed, execute the preceding MySQL statements again.

Step 3: Download and install OpenSearch

1. Before you use Docker to install OpenSearch, perform the following operations:

   1. Disable memory paging and swapping on the ECS instance to improve performance.

      sudo swapoff -a

   2. Increase the number of memory mappings available for OpenSearch.

      1. Modify the sysctl.conf file.

         sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

      2. Add the vm.max_map_count=262144 configuration.

      3. Check whether the configuration is added.

         sudo sysctl -p
         cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count

         

2. Run OpenSearch in a Docker container.

   1. Pull an OpenSearch image.

      sudo docker pull opensearchproject/opensearch:2

   2. Deploy OpenSearch in a container to check whether Docker runs as expected.

      sudo docker run -d \
       -p 9200:9200 \
       -p 9600:9600 \
       -e "discovery.type=single-node" \
       -e "OPENSEARCH_INITIAL_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin" \
       -e "plugins.security.disabled=true" \
       opensearchproject/opensearch:latest

      Note

      In this example, the plugins.security.disabled parameter is set to true, which disables SSL for HTTP and the transport layer. Change the value of the parameter based on your business scenario.

   3. Send a request to port 9200. The default username and password are admin.

      sudo curl -k http://localhost:9200 -ku admin:admin

      The following command output is returned:

      {
        "name" : "a937e018****",
        "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
        "cluster_uuid" : "GLAjAG6bTeWE****_d-CLw",
        "version" : {
          "distribution" : "opensearch",
          "number" : <version>,
          "build_type" : <build-type>,
          "build_hash" : <build-hash>,
          "build_date" : <build-date>,
          "build_snapshot" : false,
          "lucene_version" : <lucene-version>,
          "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.10.0",
          "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0"
        },
        "tagline" : "The OpenSearch Project: https://opensearch.org/"
      }

1. Display all containers that are running and copy the container ID of the OpenSearch node that you are testing.

   sudo docker container ls

2. Configure NGINX for the search engine.

   1. Make sure that the global /etc/nginx/nginx.conf file contains the include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; configuration. This allows NGINX to load all .conf configuration files in the /etc/nginx/conf.d/ directory.

      vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

      

   2. Configure NGINX as a proxy.

      1. Use the Vim editor to create a file that contains the following content.

         sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/magento_es_auth.conf

         server {
            listen 8080;
            location /_cluster/health {
               proxy_pass http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health;
            }
         }

      2. Restart NGINX.

         sudo service nginx restart

      3. Run the following command to check whether the proxy runs as expected:

         sudo curl -u admin:admin -i http://localhost:8080/_cluster/health?pretty

         The following command output is returned.

         

Step 4: Download and install Composer

1. Install a decompression tool.

   To extract files from the Composer installation package, you must install the unzip or p7zip decompression tool. Run one of the following commands to install a decompression tool:

   sudo apt-get install unzip
   sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

2. Run the following commands to install Composer:

   php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
   php -r "if (hash_file('sha384', 'composer-setup.php') === 'dac665fdc30fdd8ec78b38b9800061b4150413ff2e3b6f88543c636f7cd84f6db9189d43a81e5503cda447da73c7e5b6') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
   php composer-setup.php
   php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"

3. Move the composer.phar file to the directory specified in the following command and rename the file to composer. This allows you to start Composer from any directory.

   sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

4. View the version of Composer.

   composer -version

Step 5: Download and install Magento2

1. Create an editor project by using the access key pair that you obtained for Magento2 from the Adobe Commerce website. Set the project name to magento.

   cd /var/www/html/
   sudo composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition magento

2. When you are prompted to enter a password, enter your identity authentication key.

   Note

   • The identity authentication key is the private key of the access key pair that you obtained in the Prerequisites section.

   • Downloading the Magento2 software package requires 5 minutes to 10 minutes to complete.

   

3. Configure the read and write permissions.

   cd /var/www/html/magento
   find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} +
   find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} +
   chown -R :www-data
   chmod u+x bin/magento

4. Install Magento2.

   You must install Magento2 by using the CLI. In this example, the db-host parameter is set to localhost, and the db-name, db-user, and db-password parameters are set to magento.

   sudo bin/magento setup:install \
     --base-url=http://196.****.*.1/ \ # The public IP address of the ECS instance.
     --db-host=localhost \ # The address of the database.
     --db-name=magento \  # The name of the database.
     --db-user=magento \ # The username used to log on to the database.
     --db-password=magento \ # The password used to log on to the database.
     --admin-firstname=admin \ # The name of the backend administrator.
     --admin-lastname=admin \ 
     --admin-email=cy****sper@email.com \ # The email address of the administrator.
     --admin-user=admin \ # The username of the backend logon account.
     --admin-password=admin*** \ # The password of the backend logon account.
     --language=en_US \ # The language of the website.
     --currency=USD \
     --timezone=America/Chicago \
     --use-rewrites=1 \
     --search-engine=opensearch \ 
     --opensearch-host=localhost \
     --opensearch-port=9200 \
     --opensearch-enable-auth=1 \
     --opensearch-username=admin \
     --opensearch-password=admin \
     --opensearch-index-prefix=magento2 \

5. After the installation is complete, the content shown in the following figure is displayed.

   

   The Magento Admin URI parameter indicates the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that you can access as an administrator. After the NGINX configuration is complete, you can access the URL that contains the URI as an administrator. Example: http://47.****.**.72/admin_46i****.

6. Configure NGINX for forwarding.

   1. Create a file named magento.conf that is dedicated to Magento2.

      sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/magento.conf

   2. Copy and paste the following code to the file, save the file, and then exit the Vim editor.

      upstream fastcgi_backend {
        server  unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
      }
      server {
        listen 80;
        server_name ip;
        set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/html/magento;
        include /var/www/html/magento/nginx.conf.sample;
      }
      

   3. Check whether the syntax is correct.

      nginx -t

   4. Restart NGINX.

      sudo systemctl restart nginx

Visit the Magento2 website

1. On your on-premises computer, enter http://<Public IP address of the ECS instance> in the address bar of a browser. The following default homepage appears.

   

2. On your on-premises computer, enter http://<Public IP address of the ECS instance>/admin_46i**** in the address bar of a browser. On the logon page that appears, enter the username of the backend logon account that you specified when you installed Magento2, which is admin. Enter the password of the backend logon account that you specified when you installed Magento2, which is admin***.