AnalyticDB:TPC-H performance testing for AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL V7.0

About TPC-H

The following description is quoted from the TPC Benchmark™ H (TPC-H) specification:

TPC-H is a decision support benchmark. It consists of a suite of business-oriented ad hoc queries and concurrent data modifications. The queries and the data populating the database have been chosen to have broad industry-wide relevance. This benchmark illustrates decision support systems that examine large volumes of data, execute queries with a high degree of complexity, and give answers to critical business questions.

For more information, see TPC Benchmark™ H Standard Specification.

Performance test results

This test uses a TPC-H dataset of 100 GB and 22 standard test queries. The following figure shows the performance test results in two scenarios: Laser vector compute engine that is developed in-house by Alibaba Cloud and native compute engine of Greenplum. The Laser vector compute engine that is developed in-house by Alibaba Cloud provides approximate five times the performance of the native compute engine of Greenplum based on the total execution duration of 22 queries.

Prerequisites

• An Alibaba Cloud account is created.

• An AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance is created. For more information, see Create an instance.

  For information about the instance specifications, see the "AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance specifications" section of this topic.

• An Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance is created. For more information, see Create an instance on the Custom Launch tab.

  For information about the instance specifications, see the "ECS instance specifications" section of this topic.

• Object Storage Service (OSS) is activated, and an OSS bucket is created. For more information, see Create buckets.

• The IP address of the ECS instance is added to a whitelist of the AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance. For more information, see Configure an IP address whitelist.

• psql is installed on the ECS instance. For more information, see the "psql" section of the Use client tools to connect to an instance topic.

Test environment

Generate test data

This section describes how to generate 100 GB of test data and upload the data to the OSS bucket.

1. Log on to the ECS instance. For more information, see Connect to an instance.

2. Download and decompress the dbqgen.tar package on the ECS instance.

   In this example, the directory of the data disk is /mnt.

   # Download the dbqgen.tar package. 
   wget https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20230821/bclo/dbqgen.tar
   
   # Decompress the dbqgen.tar package.
   tar -xvf dbqgen.tar

3. Open the decompressed dbqgen.tar package and modify the dbgen_data.sh file.

   1. Go to the dbqgen directory.

      cd dbqgen

   2. Edit the dbgen_data.sh file.

      vim dbgen_data.sh

   3. Press the i key to enter the edit mode. Replace ./dbgen -s 450 -S $i -C 192 -f & with ./dbgen -s 100 -S $i -C 32 -f &.

      Note

      The -s parameter specifies the data volume in the unit of GB. The -C parameter specifies the number of file blocks. We recommend that you set this parameter to a multiple of the number of compute nodes.

   4. Press the Esc key to exit the edit mode. Enter :wq to save the file.

4. Generate test data. The generated test data is stored in the dbqgen directory.

   sh dbgen_data.sh

5. Upload the test data to the OSS bucket.

   The first time you use OSS, we recommend that you learn how to install and use ossutil. For more information, see Overview.

   Run the following command to upload the test data to the OSS bucket:

   ./ossutil64 cp -r <Directory of the test data> <Path of the OSS bucket> --exclude "*.tbl*"

   Sample command:

   ./ossutil64 cp -r /mnt/dbqgen/ oss://adbpg --exclude "*.tbl*"

Create a table and import data to the table

This section describes how to create a test table in the AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance and import the test data from the OSS bucket to the test table.

1. Use psql to connect to the AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance. For information about the tools and methods that you can use to connect to databases, see Client connection.

2. Install a Fastdecimal extension.

   Note

   If you want to test the performance of the native compute engine of Greenplum, you do not need to enable the Laser vector compute engine.

   -- Create a Fastdecimal extension. 
   CREATE EXTENSION fastdecimal;
   
   -- Enable the dynamic join filter feature.
   ALTER DATABASE <Database name> SET adbpg_enable_dynamic_join_filter = on;
   
   -- Modify the available memory for queries. 
   ALTER DATABASE <Database name> SET statement_mem = '16GB';

3. Create TPC-H test tables.

   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS NATION;
   CREATE TABLE NATION (
       N_NATIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       N_NAME       CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       N_REGIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       N_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED Replicated
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS REGION;
   CREATE TABLE REGION (
       R_REGIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       R_NAME       CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       R_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED Replicated
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS PART;
   CREATE TABLE PART (
       P_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       P_NAME        VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL,
       P_MFGR        CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       P_BRAND       CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       P_TYPE        VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       P_SIZE        INTEGER NOT NULL,
       P_CONTAINER   CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       P_RETAILPRICE decimal64 NOT NULL,
       P_COMMENT     VARCHAR(23) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (P_PARTKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS SUPPLIER;
   CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER (
       S_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       S_NAME        CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       S_ADDRESS     VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
       S_NATIONKEY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
       S_PHONE       CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       S_ACCTBAL     decimal64 NOT NULL,
       S_COMMENT     VARCHAR(101) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (S_SUPPKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS PARTSUPP;
   CREATE TABLE PARTSUPP (
       PS_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       PS_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       PS_AVAILQTY    INTEGER NOT NULL,
       PS_SUPPLYCOST  decimal64  NOT NULL,
       PS_COMMENT     VARCHAR(199) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (PS_PARTKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS CUSTOMER;
   CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (
       C_CUSTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       C_NAME        VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       C_ADDRESS     VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
       C_NATIONKEY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
       C_PHONE       VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       C_ACCTBAL     decimal64   NOT NULL,
       C_MKTSEGMENT  CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       C_COMMENT     VARCHAR(117) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (C_CUSTKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ORDERS;
   CREATE TABLE ORDERS (
       O_ORDERKEY       BIGINT NOT NULL,
       O_CUSTKEY        INTEGER NOT NULL,
       O_ORDERSTATUS    "char" NOT NULL,
       O_TOTALPRICE     decimal64 NOT NULL,
       O_ORDERDATE      DATE NOT NULL,
       O_ORDERPRIORITY  CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       O_CLERK          CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       O_SHIPPRIORITY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
       O_COMMENT        VARCHAR(79) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (O_ORDERKEY)
   ORDER BY(O_ORDERDATE)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS LINEITEM;
   CREATE TABLE LINEITEM (
       L_ORDERKEY    BIGINT NOT NULL,
       L_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       L_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       L_LINENUMBER  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       L_QUANTITY    decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_EXTENDEDPRICE  decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_DISCOUNT    decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_TAX         decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_RETURNFLAG  "char" NOT NULL,
       L_LINESTATUS  "char" NOT NULL,
       L_SHIPDATE    DATE NOT NULL,
       L_COMMITDATE  DATE NOT NULL,
       L_RECEIPTDATE DATE NOT NULL,
       L_SHIPINSTRUCT CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       L_SHIPMODE     CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       L_COMMENT      VARCHAR(44) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (L_ORDERKEY)
   ORDER BY(L_SHIPDATE)
   ;

4. Create OSS foreign tables. OSS foreign tables are used to import test data from OSS. For more information, see Overview of OSS foreign tables.

   -- Create an OSS server. 
   CREATE SERVER oss_serv
   FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER oss_fdw 
   OPTIONS (
     endpoint '<EndPoint>',
     bucket 'Bucket');
   
   -- Create a user mapping. 
   CREATE USER MAPPING
   FOR PUBLIC SERVER oss_serv 
   OPTIONS (
     id '<AccessKeyID>',
     KEY 'AccessKeySecret');
   
   -- Create OSS foreign tables. 
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_nation(
       N_NATIONKEY  INT, 
       N_NAME       VARCHAR(25), 
       N_REGIONKEY  INTEGER, 
       N_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
   ) 
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/nation.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_region(
       R_REGIONKEY INT, 
       R_NAME      CHAR(25),
       R_COMMENT   VARCHAR(152)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/region.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_lineitem ( 
       L_ORDERKEY      BIGINT, 
       L_PARTKEY       BIGINT, 
       L_SUPPKEY       BIGINT, 
       L_LINENUMBER    BIGINT, 
       L_QUANTITY      NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_EXTENDEDPRICE NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_DISCOUNT      NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_TAX           NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_RETURNFLAG    CHAR(1), 
       L_LINESTATUS    CHAR(1), 
       L_SHIPDATE      DATE, 
       L_COMMITDATE    DATE, 
       L_RECEIPTDATE   DATE, 
       L_SHIPINSTRUCT  CHAR(25), 
       L_SHIPMODE      CHAR(10), 
       L_COMMENT       VARCHAR(44)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/lineitem.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_orders ( 
       O_ORDERKEY      BIGINT, 
       O_CUSTKEY       BIGINT, 
       O_ORDERSTATUS   CHAR(1) , 
       O_TOTALPRICE    NUMERIC(15,2), 
       O_ORDERDATE     DATE, 
       O_ORDERPRIORITY CHAR(15), 
       O_CLERK         CHAR(15), 
       O_SHIPPRIORITY  BIGINT, 
       O_COMMENT       VARCHAR(79)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/orders.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_part ( 
       P_PARTKEY     BIGINT, 
       P_NAME        VARCHAR(55), 
       P_MFGR        CHAR(25), 
       P_BRAND       CHAR(10), 
       P_TYPE        VARCHAR(25), 
       P_SIZE        BIGINT, 
       P_CONTAINER   CHAR(10), 
       P_RETAILPRICE NUMERIC(15,2), 
       P_COMMENT     VARCHAR(23)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/part.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_partsupp ( 
       PS_PARTKEY    BIGINT, 
       PS_SUPPKEY    BIGINT, 
       PS_AVAILQTY   BIGINT, 
       PS_SUPPLYCOST NUMERIC(15,2), 
       PS_COMMENT    VARCHAR(199)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/partsupp.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_supplier (
       S_SUPPKEY   BIGINT, 
       S_NAME      CHAR(25), 
       S_ADDRESS   VARCHAR(40), 
       S_NATIONKEY BIGINT, 
       S_PHONE     CHAR(15), 
       S_ACCTBAL   DECIMAL(15,2), 
       S_COMMENT   VARCHAR(101)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/supplier.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
       );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_customer ( 
       C_CUSTKEY    BIGINT, 
       C_NAME       VARCHAR(25), 
       C_ADDRESS    VARCHAR(40), 
       C_NATIONKEY  BIGINT, 
       C_PHONE      CHAR(15), 
       C_ACCTBAL    NUMERIC(15,2), 
       C_MKTSEGMENT CHAR(10), 
       C_COMMENT    VARCHAR(117)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/customer.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );

5. Import data from the OSS bucket to the TPC-H test tables.

   -- Import data from the OSS foreign tables to the test tables. 
   INSERT INTO nation SELECT * FROM ext_nation;
   INSERT INTO region SELECT * FROM ext_region;
   INSERT INTO orders SELECT * FROM ext_orders;
   INSERT INTO customer SELECT * FROM ext_customer;
   INSERT INTO partsupp SELECT * FROM ext_partsupp;
   INSERT INTO part SELECT * FROM ext_part;
   INSERT INTO supplier SELECT * FROM ext_supplier;
   INSERT INTO lineitem SELECT * FROM ext_lineitem;
   
   -- Delete the OSS foreign tables. 
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_lineitem;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_orders;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_customer;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_part;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_partsupp;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_supplier;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_nation;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_region;

Collect statistics

Run the following commands to collect statistics:

ANALYZE (fullscan) lineitem ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) orders   ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) customer ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) supplier ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) part     ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) partsupp ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) region   ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) nation   ;

Execute queries

-- Q1
SELECT
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus,
    sum(l_quantity) AS sum_qty,
    sum(l_extendedprice) AS sum_base_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) AS sum_disc_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) * (1 + l_tax)) AS sum_charge,
    avg(l_quantity) AS avg_qty,
    avg(l_extendedprice) AS avg_price,
    avg(l_discount) AS avg_disc,
    COUNT(*) AS count_order
FROM
    lineitem
WHERE
    l_shipdate <= date '1998-12-01' - interval '93 day'
GROUP BY
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus
ORDER BY
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus;
    
-- Q2
SELECT
    s_acctbal,
    s_name,
    n_name,
    p_partkey,
    p_mfgr,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    s_comment
FROM
    part,
    supplier,
    partsupp,
    nation,
    region
WHERE
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    AND s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
    AND p_size = 23
    AND p_type like '%STEEL'
    AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    AND n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    AND r_name = 'EUROPE'
    AND ps_supplycost = (
        SELECT
            min(ps_supplycost)
        FROM
            partsupp,
            supplier,
            nation,
            region
        WHERE
            p_partkey = ps_partkey
            AND s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
            AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
            AND n_regionkey = r_regionkey
            AND r_name = 'EUROPE'
    )
ORDER BY
    s_acctbal DESC,
    n_name,
    s_name,
    p_partkey
LIMIT 100;

-- Q3
SELECT
    l_orderkey,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
FROM
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem
WHERE
    c_mktsegment = 'MACHINERY'
    AND c_custkey = o_custkey
    AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    AND o_orderdate < date '1995-03-24'
    AND l_shipdate > date '1995-03-24'
GROUP BY
    l_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
ORDER BY
    revenue DESC,
    o_orderdate
LIMIT 10;

-- Q4
SELECT
    o_orderpriority,
    COUNT(*) AS order_count
FROM
    orders
WHERE
    o_orderdate >= date '1996-08-01'
    AND o_orderdate < date '1996-08-01' + interval '3' month
    AND exists (
        SELECT
            *
        FROM
            lineitem
        WHERE
            l_orderkey = o_orderkey
            AND l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
    )
GROUP BY
    o_orderpriority
ORDER BY
    o_orderpriority;
    
-- Q5
SELECT
    n_name,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
FROM
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem,
    supplier,
    nation,
    region
WHERE
    c_custkey = o_custkey
    AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    AND l_suppkey = s_suppkey
    AND c_nationkey = s_nationkey
    AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    AND n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    AND r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'
    AND o_orderdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    AND o_orderdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
GROUP BY
    n_name
ORDER BY
    revenue DESC;
    
-- Q6
SELECT
    sum(l_extendedprice * l_discount) as revenue
FROM
    lineitem
WHERE
    l_shipdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    AND l_shipdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
    AND l_discount BETWEEN 0.06 - 0.01 AND 0.06 + 0.01
    AND l_quantity < 24;
    
-- Q7
SELECT
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year,
    sum(volume) AS revenue
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            n1.n_name AS supp_nation,
            n2.n_name AS cust_nation,
            extract(year FROM l_shipdate) AS l_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) AS volume
        FROM
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            orders,
            customer,
            nation n1,
            nation n2
        WHERE
            s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND o_orderkey = l_orderkey
            AND c_custkey = o_custkey
            AND s_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
            AND c_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
            AND (
                (n1.n_name = 'JORDAN' AND n2.n_name = 'INDONESIA')
                OR (n1.n_name = 'INDONESIA' AND n2.n_name = 'JORDAN')
            )
            AND l_shipdate BETWEEN date '1995-01-01' AND date '1996-12-31'
    ) AS shipping
GROUP BY
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year
ORDER BY
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year;

-- Q8
SELECT
    o_year,
    sum(case
        when nation = 'INDONESIA' then volume
        else 0
    end) / sum(volume) as mkt_share
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            extract(year FROM o_orderdate) AS o_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) AS volume,
            n2.n_name AS nation
        FROM
            part,
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            orders,
            customer,
            nation n1,
            nation n2,
            region
        WHERE
            p_partkey = l_partkey
            AND s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
            AND o_custkey = c_custkey
            AND c_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
            AND n1.n_regionkey = r_regionkey
            AND r_name = 'ASIA'
            AND s_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
            AND o_orderdate BETWEEN date '1995-01-01' AND date '1996-12-31'
            AND p_type = 'STANDARD BRUSHED BRASS'
    ) AS all_nations
GROUP BY
    o_year
ORDER BY
    o_year;
    
-- Q9
SELECT
    nation,
    o_year,
    sum(amount) AS sum_profit
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            n_name AS nation,
            extract(year FROM o_orderdate) AS o_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) - ps_supplycost * l_quantity AS amount
        FROM
            part,
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            partsupp,
            orders,
            nation
        WHERE
            s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND ps_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND ps_partkey = l_partkey
            AND p_partkey = l_partkey
            AND o_orderkey = l_orderkey
            AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
            AND p_name LIKE '%chartreuse%'
    ) AS profit
GROUP BY
    nation,
    o_year
ORDER BY
    nation,
    o_year DESC;
    
-- Q10
SELECT
    c_custkey,
    c_name,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
    c_acctbal,
    n_name,
    c_address,
    c_phone,
    c_comment
FROM
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem,
    nation
WHERE
    c_custkey = o_custkey
    AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    AND o_orderdate >= date '1994-08-01'
    AND o_orderdate < date '1994-08-01' + interval '3' month
    AND l_returnflag = 'R'
    AND c_nationkey = n_nationkey
GROUP BY
    c_custkey,
    c_name,
    c_acctbal,
    c_phone,
    n_name,
    c_address,
    c_comment
ORDER BY
    revenue DESC
LIMIT 20;

-- Q11
SELECT
    ps_partkey,
    sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) as value
FROM
    partsupp,
    supplier,
    nation
WHERE
    ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
    AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    AND n_name = 'INDONESIA'
GROUP BY
    ps_partkey having
        sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) > (
            SELECT
                sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) * 0.0001000000
            FROM
                partsupp,
                supplier,
                nation
            WHERE
                ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
                AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                AND n_name = 'INDONESIA'
        )
ORDER BY
    value DESC;

-- Q12
select
    l_shipmode,
    sum(case
        when o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT'
            or o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH'
            then 1
        else 0
    end) as high_line_count,
    sum(case
        when o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT'
            and o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH'
            then 1
        else 0
    end) as low_line_count
from
    orders,
    lineitem
where
    o_orderkey = l_orderkey
    and l_shipmode in ('REG AIR', 'TRUCK')
    and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
    and l_shipdate < l_commitdate
    and l_receiptdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    and l_receiptdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
group by
    l_shipmode
order by
    l_shipmode;
    
-- Q13
select
    c_count,
    count(*) as custdist
from
    (
        select
            c_custkey,
            count(o_orderkey)
        from
            customer left outer join orders on
                c_custkey = o_custkey
                and o_comment not like '%pending%requests%'
        group by
            c_custkey
    ) as c_orders (c_custkey, c_count)
group by
    c_count
order by
    custdist desc,
    c_count desc;
    
-- Q14
select
    100.00 * sum(case
        when p_type like 'PROMO%'
            then l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)
        else 0
    end) / sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as promo_revenue
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    l_partkey = p_partkey
    and l_shipdate >= date '1994-11-01'
    and l_shipdate < date '1994-11-01' + interval '1' month;
    
-- Q15
create view revenue0 (supplier_no, total_revenue) as
    select
        l_suppkey,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount))
    from
        lineitem
    where
        l_shipdate >= date '1997-10-01'
        and l_shipdate < date '1997-10-01' + interval '3' month
    group by
        l_suppkey;
select
    s_suppkey,
    s_name,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    total_revenue
from
    supplier,
    revenue0
where
    s_suppkey = supplier_no
    and total_revenue = (
        select
            max(total_revenue)
        from
            revenue0
    )
order by
    s_suppkey;
drop view revenue0;

-- Q16
select
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size,
    count(distinct ps_suppkey) as supplier_cnt
from
    partsupp,
    part
where
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    and p_brand <> 'Brand#44'
    and p_type not like 'SMALL BURNISHED%'
    and p_size in (36, 27, 34, 45, 11, 6, 25, 16)
    and ps_suppkey not in (
        select
            s_suppkey
        from
            supplier
        where
            s_comment like '%Customer%Complaints%'
    )
group by
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size
order by
    supplier_cnt desc,
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size;

-- Q17
select
    sum(l_extendedprice) / 7.0 as avg_yearly
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    p_partkey = l_partkey
    and p_brand = 'Brand#42'
    and p_container = 'JUMBO PACK'
    and l_quantity < (
        select
            0.2 * avg(l_quantity)
        from
            lineitem
        where
            l_partkey = p_partkey
    );
    
-- Q18
select
    c_name,
    c_custkey,
    o_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_totalprice,
    sum(l_quantity)
from
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem
where
    o_orderkey in (
        select
            l_orderkey
        from
            lineitem
        group by
            l_orderkey having
                sum(l_quantity) > 312
    )
    and c_custkey = o_custkey
    and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
group by
    c_name,
    c_custkey,
    o_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_totalprice
order by
    o_totalprice desc,
    o_orderdate
limit 100;

-- Q19
select
    sum(l_extendedprice* (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#43'
        and p_container in ('SM CASE', 'SM BOX', 'SM PACK', 'SM PKG')
        and l_quantity >= 5 and l_quantity <= 5 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 5
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    )
    or
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#45'
        and p_container in ('MED BAG', 'MED BOX', 'MED PKG', 'MED PACK')
        and l_quantity >= 12 and l_quantity <= 12 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 10
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    )
    or
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#11'
        and p_container in ('LG CASE', 'LG BOX', 'LG PACK', 'LG PKG')
        and l_quantity >= 24 and l_quantity <= 24 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 15
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    );

-- Q20
select
    s_name,
    s_address
from
    supplier,
    nation
where
    s_suppkey in (
        select
            ps_suppkey
        from
            partsupp
        where
            ps_partkey in (
                select
                    p_partkey
                from
                    part
                where
                    p_name like 'magenta%'
            )
            and ps_availqty > (
                select
                    0.5 * sum(l_quantity)
                from
                    lineitem
                where
                    l_partkey = ps_partkey
                    and l_suppkey = ps_suppkey
                    and l_shipdate >= date '1996-01-01'
                    and l_shipdate < date '1996-01-01' + interval '1' year
            )
    )
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_name = 'RUSSIA'
order by
    s_name;

-- Q21
select
    s_name,
    count(*) as numwait
from
    supplier,
    lineitem l1,
    orders,
    nation
where
    s_suppkey = l1.l_suppkey
    and o_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
    and o_orderstatus = 'F'
    and l1.l_receiptdate > l1.l_commitdate
    and exists (
        select
            *
        from
            lineitem l2
        where
            l2.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
            and l2.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
    )
    and not exists (
        select
            *
        from
            lineitem l3
        where
            l3.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
            and l3.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
            and l3.l_receiptdate > l3.l_commitdate
    )
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_name = 'MOZAMBIQUE'
group by
    s_name
order by
    numwait desc,
    s_name
limit 100;

-- Q22
select
        cntrycode,
        count(*) as numcust,
        sum(c_acctbal) as totacctbal
from
        (
            select
                substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) as cntrycode,
                c_acctbal
            from
                customer
            where
                substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
                and c_acctbal > (
                    select
                        avg(c_acctbal)
                    from
                        customer
                    where
                        c_acctbal > 0.00
                        and substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
                )
                and not exists (
                    select
                        *
                    from
                        orders
                    where
                        o_custkey = c_custkey
                )
        ) as custsale
group by
        cntrycode
order by
        cntrycode;